A Traumatic Brain Injury

Throughout the years, several adults have been affected by traumatic events that have taken place during their childhood(s). Lenore C. Terr (January, 1999) states, "Childhood trauma appears to be a critical etiological factor in the development of a number of serious disorders both in childhood and in adulthood." To better understand childhood trauma, Terr defines this as, the "mental result of one sudden, external or a series of blows, rendering the young person temporarily helpless and breaking past ordinary coping and defense operations" (January, 1999). The statistics of childhood trauma is alarming. In the United States, there are approximately five million children that experience trauma each year, with two million of these cases

Awareness about traumatic brain injury has increased because of combat operations in Irag and Afghanistan and in the National Football League. The debate over the nature of traumatic brain injury is an ongoing issue. Some think of categorizing from mild to the server is the condition of TBI that can lead to a person bring over diagnosed or misdiagnosed. The other side points out that the focus should not be on diagnosis put on the recovery and treatment of the symptoms.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of injury that is a critical public health and socio-economic problem. TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in both children and adults [5]. The Centers for Disease Control and

Medical and technological advances have led to greater survival rates in individuals suffering from various illness and injury throughout history. This includes individuals who suffer traumatic and nontraumatic brain injuries. Approximately 1.5 million people in the United States sustain a brain injury each year with the survival rate of over 90 percent making brain injury the leading cause for disability in the United States. (Mysiw, Bogner, Corrigan, Fugate, Clinchot, & Kadyan 2006). Cognitive, physical, sensory and behavioral changes are widely noted in individuals in the months and years following a brain injury. However, the psychosocial, psychological and emotional effects of these injuries are less discussed and therefore these aspects can be overlooked when anticipating a course of treatment. Individuals who sustain acquired brain injuries experience significant, lasting impairment in the psychosocial, psychological and emotional aspects of their lives and better understanding of these issues can lead to better treatment and coping skills for these individuals.

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) also known as a concussion is a serious health problem to athletes, especially to football players. The brain controls the body and gives a person personality and defines every aspect of his or her life. A brain injury can disrupt a person’s life in an instance and like broken bones or bruises; TBI can limit or prevent normal body functions. A brain injury, unlike common injuries can damage mental abilities to include memory and speech. There are only two classifications in TBI; mild and severe. Mild TBI is classified as loss of consciousness and or confusion and disorientation for less than thirty minutes. Severe TBI is thirty or more minutes and with memory loss. A person

The participants for this research project were recruited from treatment facilities throughout Eastern Europe and the Baltic regions; initial data was collected from participants while they were still in the intensive care unit, and then every three months until one year following discharge from ICU. Each participant was analyzed for the severity of their TBI on the basis of a number of different factors, including whether or not they required surgery and the amount of time they spent in the hospital immediately following the incident (Madjan et al. 798). After gathering information on how the patients were progressing with recovery one year post-incident, the researchers compared the causes of the TBI to pinpoint similarities in recovery among all the different groups, and they also evaluated which particular means of trauma produced the most disability for the patients, both within and between groups. In the traffic- related incidents category, drivers appeared to sustain more serious injuries to the brain than passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists; in the falls category, falls from a height greater than three meters resulted in the most severe damage; and in the miscellaneous category, patients who had survived gunshot wounds generally acquired more extensive damage than other participants in the group (Madjan et al. 800). The next set of data illustrated which of these categories resulted in the

Concussions are a form of brain injury that is medically defined as a condition that modifies the way in which an individual’s brain essentially functions as a result of significant trauma to the head or body (Mayo Clinic, 2016). While most people believe that concussions can only be sustained by receiving a direct blow to the head itself, concussions can actually develop from any forceful acceleration to either the head or the body as long as the impact is hard enough (Edwards & Bodle, 2014). The amount of energy that is generated by such dynamic contact basically causes the brain to jolt back and forth against the skull surrounding it, thereby damaging the neurological structure almost instantaneously. However, most concussions tend to lean more to the milder side of the brain injury spectrum and, in most cases, the

This letter is in regards to some concerns for possible brain injuries that are likely to occur when playing sports but specifically rugby. The brain is the most essential function of the human body. In order to not only conduct an analysis but also understand the brain and we must complete a detailed training on how the brain is affected when a concussion takes place. According to several health professionals it only takes one brain injury to adjust the behavior of a person. Many hits to the head can take a devastating tool on the brain. There are studies showing that Rugby Football is destroying the brain of rugby football players. A common head injury is a Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a repetitive brain injury. The initial cause is occurs when the brain comes in

Traumatic brain injury in general is characterized by the changes in brain function due to some sort of a biomechanical force induced by either directly or indirectly as a hit or blow to the head (Facts and Prevention, 2015). Mild traumatic brain injury, which will be considered as equivalent term with concussion, was defined by the International Conference on Concussion in Sport as a complex pathophysiological process induced by biomechanical forces (Mccrory et al., 2013). This penetrating head injury will disrupt the normal function of the brain. The cause of sports-related brain injury can be induced by a direct or indirect blow to the head. Injury can also be caused by the force of impulse due to impacts on other parts of the body being

It was previously thought that children brains were less sensitive to injuries because the brain had a longer time to rewire or rewrite itself. Since a child’s skull is not as strong as an adult skull they are more susceptible to skull fractures which can puncture the brain and cause serve damage. Studies by Virji-Babul, Borich (ped neurology), showed that in a child’s brain the frontal and temporal lobes are more susceptible to damage. Damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are a major call for concern because those lobes are associated with learning, memory, and

When it comes to sports, they can be a great way to stay in good health and to make a living. However, in today’s day and time, when it comes to playing sports the more vigorous and completive they become we see the risk of injuries increase. One of the more common injuries that occur in today’s sports is a concussion. A concussion is a very common injury, practically in the sport of football, both at the collegiate and national level. When it comes to causing catastrophic trauma to the brain multiple times, it could potentially cause the athlete to die. MTBI’s known as mild traumatic brain injuries are a touch topic to both talk and research about because they are often overlooked because the majority of the findings have failed to provide

The rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury is put into three different stages for medical care (Ross 40). These three stages are: inpatient, community integration, and lifetime of care. Each person’s rehabilitation process is different with the way they go through care. The healing process can last for months, or sometimes years. Those that go through the rehabilitation program function better than those that don’t. The two major goals are relearning and compensation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.7 million people annually in the U.S. with 275,000 hospitalizations and 52,000 deaths. In 2010, the medical cost for treating TBI patients in the U.S. was $76.5 billion and rising annually. Primary causes for TBI include the following: motor vehicle crashes, falls, assaults and sports or recreation-related injuries (concussions). Finding the right treatment to reduce mortality rates and improve the clinical outcomes in TBI patients has been elusive.

The disabilities that result from moderate to severe TBI differ depending on the area of injury, but they may include difficulties in speech, coordination, bilateral function, memory, complex thinking, and other areas (Murrey, 2006). Emotional and social areas are also affected by TBI due to changes in familial roles, lowered self-esteem, and hopelessness brought on by the injury (Murrey, 2006). Because of this, suicide rates in these patients are remarkably high, with 33% of patients at risk (León-Carriòn et al., 2005). Recovery in TBI patients may occur spontaneously throughout the two years following the trauma (León-Carrión et al., 2005). Beyond this point, remaining disabilities are usually permanent (León-Carrión et al., 2005).

Traumatic Brain Injury is otherwise known as TBI. “Traumatic brain injury, a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue” (NINDS, 2010). There are two main types of TBI, closed head injuries such as head hitting a windshield and penetrating head injuries such as a gunshot wound. As reported by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation,” The severity of traumatic brain injuries is often assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale, with scores ranging from 3 to 15. The higher the score,