Turing's Interrogation

To go full circle on the first point we decided that machines must take into account the concept of making rules and reflecting on past rules. The second point was to see how thinking and self-awareness is achieved at the height of the process of rulemaking. The concept of language and symbols Searles is very important as an example as it sheds light on why machines can’t ever be human even with human brains as Searles claim they need to be a theoretical StrongAI. Language was created by mapping things and association of learned objects. To truly learn a language we have to understand and experience what it stands for. Language is an expression of results based on tests on objects that are now definable. It is a shortcut for learning information. Therefore it’s important that AI does more than think in a correct pattern as our experience of inputs comes from our interactions with one another and what we learn from language and not on our own in solitude. The man the Chinese Room cannot have those things and therefore cannot learn a language in the method he is prescribed. This wraps in the thoughts of the second point as well to feel self-aware we identify ourselves in relation to other people. This shows our society is also one big brain that is made up of variety of rooms or people in this case all making decisions and rules for their

The machines can now give oral responses instead of written responses, also known as a “viva voce”. Humans conclude that they have conscious through their conversations about feelings. If humans can conclude through that method, then it is possible for machines to do it too (?). If a machine can have intelligent conversation with the judges about its work or creation, then that machine is aware of its action. If a machine is aware of its action, then it is conscious which also means it has a mind. Lastly, Turing believes that the concept of consciousness is not relevant to his question about whether a machine can pass the imitation game. The result of the test is not affected by consciousness

One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the

The essay “Watson Doesn’t Know It Won on Jeopardy!” is a paper written by John Searle on February 23, 2011 that probes at how IBM’s computer Watson has no human understanding whatsoever. Searle begins by clearing up the common misconceptions about what a computer actually is. Searle explains that a computer is simply a machine that manipulates symbols based on a programs needs and wants, and that the computational power of a computer is not human understanding; it is in fact a measure of how fast a computer can manipulate symbols. Searle then proceeds to explain the process of how a computer works in terms of a human. He explains that a computer does not understand human language at all. A computer just has a program (in binary) that tells

Alan Turing was a world famous mathematician and educator who is known for helping crack the “Enigma Code” and his work with computers and artificial intelligence. Alan Turing was born on the 23rd of June, 1912, in Maida Vale, London, England. Starting at a very young age, Alan Turing showed huge signs of intelligence. Although many of his teachers recognized his intellect, it didn’t mean that they necessarily respected the young man.

Alan Turing, as a Physicalist, saw the mind as the brain, since the brain is the physical object. Applying such views to machines, Turing’s Imitation Game ‘test’ is supposed to demonstrate his claim that certain machines should count as “thinking things” in the same way that we humans do. His argument being that, if a machine could imitate a human well enough to deceive a person that it was not a machine, then it should be considered “conscious.” He found that since most of what we base our foundation of consciousness on (our judgments and interactions with others), if we cannot see the responder in the game (i.e. the computer), and it responds as well as human, then it should also be considered a “thinking thing.” Turing also expected that one day machines would be able to imitate our minds so well, that we would not be able to tell the difference between a real mind or “thinking thing,” and a

It is worth noting that Turing and his concepts first surprisingly cropped up in a mainstream piece of genre defining speculative science fiction relying on real research for ideas six years prior. As Andrew Hodges notes, Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick drew upon the concepts in On Computable Numbers and the idea of playing an “Imitation Game” with a virtual intelligence. They created a sinister exploration of the potential for an AI to deceive and kill in the film (later book) 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). 9 10

Cambridge University professor Alan Turing are presented. The first is the span of WWII, at the beginning of which he, an expert of puzzle solving, is hired by the British government to work on a team, whose secret project is to break what is largely seen as the unbreakable secret code behind the Nazis' communications machine, named Enigma, which if they can would give the Allies an advantage and possibly even end the war. The problem is that Enigma is recoded every day, so that even if the team can decipher a coded message transmitted by the Nazis, that code would be obsolete by the next day. There are 159,000,000,000,000,000,000 possible codes that could be input into Enigma. A largely arrogant, antisocial, solitary and literal minded man, Alan is the bane of the team's existence, especially that of his superior, Commander Denniston, and Hugh Alexander, who is hired as the team's initial leader.

I think Eliza pass the test. Within the base of script, Eliza can give responses for non-directional questions. Though Eliza can’t truly understand the conversation, it can make illusion of understanding. In Turing Test, if a machine can make interrogator believe it is a human, it passes. Eliza gives illusion of engaging in the program, which shows that it passes the Turing

“We are not interested in the fact that the brain has the consistency of cold porridge.” “We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.”- Alan Turing, one of the few people to have been granted a royal pardon. Alan Turing was a visionary and a pioneer. He introduced many new ideas, some about computers and some about sexual orientation. He strongly influenced the outcome of the war, but was still treated horribly at his end of his life. While he was treated better posthumously, it was a shame his life had to cease before his time was over. Alan Turing left a legacy that strongly influenced our lives today. He was a great man that led a plentiful life that made a big impact in many different ways. .

I do feel that playing jeopardy was a good way to test the machine intelligence because it allowed you to see how fast the computer processed information as well as the advantages of using a computer. No matter how smart a human being is a computer will always have an advantage because of the amount of data it can store in his memory. This experiment allowed you to see that information can be programmed into a mainframe of a computer and it can filter through that information in a matter of seconds versus a human being. Human beings will eventually suffer information overload will could lead to mistakes. Computers only enhance what a human being is capable of doing and while people feel they are here to replace humans beings they will always have flaws or inadequacies that makes that impossible. The computer not being able to respond as fast shows one of these flaws. If you think about all the attempts to send a man to the moon it was because of the calculations being off, a human being had to double check those calculations. Yes, they do enhance but for this reason, they

The assumption is that the person is capable of understanding Chinese, simply because he can manage to assemble a set of answers to questions that would be indistiquishable from a person who speaks Chinese. The problem is that the person in the room does not understand any of the answers, but is simply following instructions. Searle utilizes a system’s ability to pass the Turing test as a parameter in the study, though the person would still indeed not understand Chinese. Searle proceeds to refute the claims of strong AI one at a time, by positioning himself as the one who manipulates the Chinese symbols. The first claim is that a system, which can pass the Turing test, understands the input and output. Searle replies that as the "computer" in the Chinese room, he gains no understanding of Chinese by simply manipulating the symbols according to the formal program, in this case being the complex rules. (Searle, 1980) It was not necessary for the operator to have any understanding of what the interviewer is asking, or the replies that produced. He may not even know that there is a question and answer session going on outside the room.

By inventing the Turing Machine, a hypothetical machine which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules, in 1935, he is widely considered as the father of Artificial Intelligence. He believed that computers would be able to learn and devised the Turing Test, which would text whether a computer was really intelligent. To this day, no computer has passed the test, as yet, and all stored-programme digital computers are modelled on this

In attempting to answer the question of whether machines are able to think, Turing redesigns the question around the notion of machines’ effectiveness at mimicking human cognition. Turing proposes to gauge such effectiveness by a variation of an ‘imitation game,’ where a man and a woman are concealed from an interrogator who makes

As an avid quizzer, I was fascinated when IBM Watson beat two of Jeopardy’s all-time greats Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings. Consequently, I realized that the “Man vs Machine” could be transformed into a “Machine for man” paradigm whereby machine learning augments human intelligence in solving practical issues. I developed a keen interest in Maths, Physics and Computer Science at the Higher Secondary level (Grades XI and XII) where I graduated with a 99th percentile score.