General Discussion
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of pediatric mortality, with preventable injuries killing more Canadian children than any other single disease (Parachute, 2016, Statistics Canada, 2012). Each year in Canada, preventable injuries cause 16,000 deaths, 60,000 disabilities, 3.5 million emergency room visits and most stingingly, one child dies every 9 hours as a result of an unintentional injury (Parachute, 2016). When examining infants specifically, research has identified that majority of unintentional injuries (90%) occur in and around the home, when infants are presumably being monitored by a responsible caregiver (National Safety Council,
1991; Rivara, Calonge, & Thompson, 1989, Morrongiello & corbet ). Although
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danger, risk, and potential severity), caregivers must assume the role of actively implementing precautions to prevent injuries. Although there has been research devoted to understanding parental safety precautions to children 2 years and older, and there is literature to suggest that parental supervision is an important determinant for childhood injury (Morrongiello, Corbett, & Brison, 2009; Porter et al., 2007), there is virtually nothing known about the nature and scope of parental supervision infants receive in the home, and surprisingly little is known about the nature of injury-risk behaviours, during infancy and how parents become alert to these. Indeed, previous research has identified peaks in different types of injuries that occur in synchrony with the acquisition of motor skills (Agran et al., 2003), however how parents respond and adjust to ongoing changes in infant’s abilities has been overlooked in the supervision literature. This is surprising given the fact that this developmental time period can be especially challenging for parents; not only must caregivers be able to accurately predict their children’s next behavioural milestone; they must also take into account the individual variabilities of when certain capabilities may emerge and adjust safety precautions accordingly. Infancy is a unique developmental period therefore, given that someone is always providing direct care and can be thought of the responsible authority associated with the injury event. Hence, this study was important not only for examining how caregiver supervision practices change as infants gain greater mobility, but to explore whether child characteristics (e.g., developmental level) and parent characteristics (e.g., supervision practices) interact synergistically with infant’s risk behaviours and injury outcomes. Given that
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (1995) requires employers to report injuries and dangerous occurrences as soon as they happen. In a nursery, broken furniture, broken toys and small objects can lead to injury or possibly death. Broken furniture can cause children to cut or graze themselves on the sharp break offs. Whereas with broken or unsuitable toys, children can swallow the object causing choking or death. This risk can be avoided by carrying out regular checks of the furniture and toys, making sure they are suitable for use with children. If not, then they should be disposed of efficiently.
Yes, Tavion’s mother’s statement of concern about the suspicion of abuse should warrant a valid reason to lunch investigation in the child injury. Moreover, the emergency department staff had suspicion about the Tavion’s injury due to the fact injury is not consistence with an injury sustained in park playground. Hospitals are mandate by law to report any suspicion of child abuse; the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act enacted in 1974 was designed to encourage the reporting of child abuse cases, and prevention. In addition, most states have enacted laws to further protect abuse children, and most states protect the individual required to report cases of suspected child abuse; the following individual are eligible to report suspected cases of abuse include healthcare administrators, physicians, interns, registered nurse, chiropractors, social service workers, psychologists, dentists, osteopaths, optometrists, podiatrists, mental health professionals, and volunteer in healthcare facilities (Pozgar, 2014).
“Toddlers depend on their parents/caregivers for health management, overall health influenced by their parents” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010).
If this scenario happened in an outpatient clinic or urgent care center and there were physicians who were more dedicated to patient safety a report to child protective services may have been made regarding the child’s injuries. This child deserves to have her rights observed and
This survey was distributed to a convenience sample of caregivers of children who were four to eight years old across multiple places in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from August to November 2005. The survey was designed and reviewed by certified car seat technicians, community stakeholders and regional childhood injury experts to assess caregiver knowledge and report behavior. The Milwaukee Urban League determined the best areas to get the most accurate representation of the area including churches, schools, child care centers, community centers and street festivals. There was an administrative assistant that administered at an urban primary health care clinic and another assistant administered the surveys at other community events. Each survey was given an identification number based on the location given and the zip ode of the person completing the survey along with the age (in years) and the weight of the child. The survey asked general knowledge questions about how often car crashes occur as a cause of death and what weight is acceptable for just a seat belt. Other questions asked about the most common method of transportation for the family, along with the number of children normally in the vehicle. More questions asked about resource options for the families and about the last wellness visit the child had with their doctor. According to our text,
According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, drowning is the fifth leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. Also, about ten people every day die from drowning (“Unintentional…”, par. 1). Drowning is a serious concern and anxiety for many people. And, it comes to no surprise that drowning is the leading cause of injury-related death in the summer (Leigh, 1). People might be familiar with what happens to the lungs while drowning, however, some don not know there is a difference between what happens to the body when one drown in freshwater versus saltwater.
Studies show that childhood injuries and deaths occur right in their home (Morrongiello, Corbett, McCourt, & Johnston, 2006). In the United States, it is estimated that 1 in 4 children will experience an injury that will need medical attention (Morrongiello, Corbett, McCourt, & Johnston, 2006). Erikson’s psychosocial theory is an excellent way to better understand why a child will get injured by providing a different perspective (Ginsburg, 1992). This will lead to more extensive research on childhood injuries (Ginsburg, 1992).
There are many types of play that are likely to lead to unintentional childhood injuries and hospitalization for children worldwide. Unintentional injury is ranked in the top 15 causes of death across all children aged 0 – 19 years, with falls, burns, accidental poisoning, drowning and road traffic injuries being the most common. Those individuals who are from more deprived backgrounds are known to have higher levels of injury morbidity and mortality. “Injury prevention plays a key role in promoting children’s safety, which is considered to involve keeping children free from the occurrence or risk of injury” (Brussoni et al., 2012). Some research did show that if parents or caregivers put too many restrictions of the children’s risky outdoor play time, they may be obstructing their development. Play time is critical to a child’s development and to their physical and mental health, putting the children at risks as such obesity, lack of learning, decrease in independences and poor perception and judgement skills. Parents, the media, popular culture, and researchers all have different views on child safety and overprotection of children. Every parent has their own view on how they want to raise their child, some are overprotective over their children and others allow their children to have play
Policy that prevents child death caused by a neglectful caretaker is woefully overlooked. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) is unable to help prevent these deaths because states differ on what is considered neglect and because there is no uniformed way of reporting neglect at the hands of an individual caretaker.1 One recommendation would require individual caretakers to sign a registry, particularly if they have criminal history. A second recommendation would require house inspections for caretakers with outstanding arrest warrants. A third recommendation would require caretakers to undergo a psychological evaluation to determine if they are mentally fit to take care of the child.
My awakening to the significance of child protection and injury prevention through the medical field became apparent to me my freshman year in high school. I began making countless efforts to raise money for vaccination in an effort to combat Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus in third world countries. I also became aware about the issues of Pediatric Trauma and how 90% of unintentional injuries can be prevented so I raised $1000 dollars for the Pediatric Trauma Program. The money fundraised will be used to educate not only the community but professionals pursuing a profession in the medical field in order to reduce the number of children who are killed or injured by trauma. Lastly I helped raise money for the Children's Miracle Network in order to directly benefit hospitals, helping to purchase up-to-date equipment, train staff, conduct life-saving research, implement outreach programs, and provide healthcare for children whose parents can't afford
• That’s one child every 13 minutes suffering physical, sexual, emotional abuse or neglect, often by someone they know and should be able to trust; most often in their own home. Thousands of more cases go unreported, and the number of children and young people in out-of-home care is increasing.
Abuse “is far more prevalent than is generally recognized.(physical abuse)” There are “children that are getting poisoned by drugs… Some don’t show up on a routine drug screen.(caring for victims)” The “particular injury, and recommendations about long-term medical management of injured children.(caring for victims)” Professionals “try to figure out what happened.(caring for victims)” However “professionals can misjudge things (caring for victims)” such as “‘fatal child abuse and sudden infant death syndrome,’ addresses recent concerns about child murders that have been incorrectly diagnosed as sudden infant death syndrome.(caring for victims)” The “abusive head trauma for example, provides updated information about current issues, such as rebleeding, timing of injuries, the controversies about mechanism of injury, and differential diagnosis.(caring for
Insidious injuries are when the links between their causes and manifest symptoms are obscure. (Calhoun et. al, 2017,162) This indicates that these injuries are described as general diseases as opposed to traumatic injury that has occurred. With this in mind it makes these types of injuries hard to define and to understand due to the fact they display as diseases. Insidious injuries have specific characteristics such as they appear only after a period of time, there are patterns to a group that are exposed or randomly depending on the individual’s level of vulnerabilities. Then it manifests by raising the rates of risk for diseases that may also have other causes and affects victims that are widely dispersed through the populations.
In 1963, Harjola3 described a case of chronic abdominal pain in a young woman that he attributed to mesenteric ischemia caused by extrinsic compression of the celiac artery. Since then, the topic has been the focus of numerous controversies regarding its pathophysiology, definitive diagnosis, and optimal treatment4. There is still considerable doubt about the real existence of the CACS. Asymptomatic compression or stenosis of the celiac artery is common, and compression of this artery by fibers of the median arcuate ligament has been demonstrated on arteriography in asymptomatic patients1. Similarly, autopsy studies have shown that the celiac artery is compressed by the median arcuate ligament in up to one-third of individuals5. The difficulty
Penetrating assaults in children: Often non-fatal near-miss events with opportunities for prevention in the UK