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1. List and describe the 6 steps in the replication of T4 phage in E. coli
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- 20. P2 and P4 are bacteriophages of E. coli. They have the following properties: (1) When P2 phage infects a bacterium, the bacterium eventually bursts, yielding about 100 P2 progeny. (2) When P4 infects a bacterium, the bacterium survives because P4 is a defective phage. (3) When P2 phage and P4 phage coinfect the same bacterium, lysis of the bacterium yields 100 P4 progeny and no P2 progeny, because the presence of P4 inhibits the growth of P2. Suppose 3 x 108 P2 and 2 x 108 P4 are added to 108 bacterial cells. How many bacterial cells will produce P2 progeny? A. 1.28 x 107 В. 6.75 х 105 С. 5.00 х 106 D. 2.56 x 107 E. 3.23 x 10411. A phage cross is made by doubly infecting the host bacterial cell with parental phages: mtg X mīgt. What are the expected recombinant genotypes of the progeny phage?4) Listen Can a bacteriophage only capable of the lytic replication cycle transfer bacterial genes through specialized transduction? Explain.
- Which of the following is not correct for bacterial conjugation? a. Both Hfr and F+ bacteria have the ability to code for a sex pilus. b. After an F- cell has conjugated with an F+, its plasmid holds the F+ factor. c. The recipient cell is Hfr following conjugation. d. In an HfrF- conjugation, DNA of the main chromosomemoves to a recipient cell. e. Genes on the F factor encode proteins of the sex pilus.8. To observe bacteriophage in a lab, you would plate dilutions of the phage onto lawns of bacte- ria and observe the formation of after incubation. Hint: Specific name only.1. In terms of Spo11, what does it mean if twice as many genetic sequence reads map to one location than another? Explain. 2. What does it mean if genetic reads map in different locations in difgerent strains? Explain in terms of recombination hotspots.
- 32. The CRISPR-Cas system helps some prokaryotes defend against the phage! Which of the following statements correctly describes how this system works? A) it produces RNA that is translated into proteins that attack viral DNA. B) it inserts specific genes randomly into the prokaryotic genome ) it causes the synthesis of proteins that are then secreted by the prokaryote that attack viruses in the environment. D) it cuts viral DNA at specific sequences before it can replicate.6. During penetration of E. coli by a bacteriophage lysozyme is used to allow entry of the bacteriophage capsid and nucleic acid the tail acts as a hypodermic needle, injecting the bacteriophage DNA into the cell the tail fibers would bore a hole in the cell wall the virus would also bind to Sa e. E. coli would attempt to protect itself by synthesizing enzymes that degrade bacteriophage RNA 7. Penicillin-binding proteins can be bound by beta-lactam drugs in the cell b. alter the beta-lactam ring c. are involved in cell wall synthesis d. are synthesized by eukaryotic cells .a&c 8. As we discussed in class, basophils are white blood cells, and one of their roles in the host immune response is to release histamine. Based on this information, please answer the following question. Which of the following processes or cells will be affected as a result of your patient having basopenia, which is a low number of basophils? The production of C3A The production of CSA The production of pus The…4. Shown below is the structure of the anti-retroviral drug AZT. HOCH, H 3 N₂ HN AZT H 2 H O CH₂ a) What nucleotide does the drug resemble? b) Describe a plausible mechanism for how this drug would inhibit the growth of HIV. c) Given what you know about DNA replication, why does the drug kill the virus but not people?
- 1. List the sequences of events in lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infections . 2. Which cycle(s) is used by a temperate phage and how does the phage benefit from this life cycle?3. Label the following elements of the figure below: lysogenic phage, lysogenic cycle, lytic cycle, prophage, phage DNA, bacterial chromosome, and self assembly.26. In some cases involying bacteriophages, the viral DNA will insert itself into the bacterial DNA. Which of the following statements does not correctly describe this type of insertion? A) The inserted viral DNA is referred to as a prophage. B) The inserted viral DNA can leave the bacterial DNA. C) The inserted viral DNA is a part of the lysogenic cycle of replication. D) The inserted viral DNA can never leave the bacterial DNA and enter the lytic cycle.