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- A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of insulin from the pancreas. This mechanism of hormone production is stimulated by: humoral stimuli hormonal stimuli neural stimuli negative stimuliDescribe several main differences in the communication methods used by the endocrine system and the nervous system.6. With regards to the following hormones, know a) which endocrine gland releases it (the source) b) on what target cell/organ the hormone acts and c) what effect the hormone causes: Hormone Source Target cell/organ Effect Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Oxytocin Vasopressin, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Growth hormone # 24 % & 3 4 7 W E R T Y * C0 < CO
- Functions of Various Hormones 1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules 2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption 3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland 4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth 5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress 6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress Match four of the functions numbered above with the rmones given below. Function: Antidiuretic Hormone: Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine hormone8 What is a negative feedback loop? Cite an example of a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system. 9 List the stimulus for secretion for each of the following hormones (note that some hormones are stimulated by other hormones): a Glucagon b Calcitonin c Parathyroid hormone d Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T4 and T3) e Cortisol f Antidiuretic hormone 10 List the target tissue and effects of each of the following hormones: a Insulin: b Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): C Growth hormone: d Prolactin: UNIT7. A 45-year-old man was admitted to a hospital with complaints of depression, lack of appetite, general and muscular weakness. The examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma. The blood parathyroid hormone level was increased. What caused in the patient symptoms? For answer: a) indicate the chemical structure of parathyroid hormone, name the stimuli of its secretion, target organs; b) draw the scheme of hormonal signal transduction mechanism; e) describe the biological effects of parathyroid hormone excessive secretion and explain these symptoms development.
- Functions of Various Hormones 1. increases calcium levels in the blood 2. lowers calcium levels in the blood 3. stimulates contraction of the smooth muscles of the uterus and breasts 4. increases metabolic rate and regulates growth and development 5. lowers blood sugar levels by stimulating uptake of glucose by cells and conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles 6. increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose Match four of the functions numbered above with the hormones given below. Function: Parathyroid Hormone: Calcitonin Thyroxine Glucagon HormoneIdentify the glands that secrete the following hormones: TSH, thyroxine, calcitonin, PTH, ACTH, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, hGH, ADH, epinephrine, and aldosterone.1. Consider the endocrine system and hormones. a) What are the three general chemical classes of hormone? b) List the THREE physiological functions of the thyroid hormones.
- 10) Prepare a chart showing the endocrine gland, the hormone produced, its function and what happens if levels are abnormal.4. Explain the three most common types of endocrine pathologies. Make sure you clearly - identify hyposecretion, hypersecretion, and abnormal tissue responsiveness as the three general type of endocrine pathologies.- explain how each general endocrine pathology affects the cellular response and regulating mechanism of the hormone.- list an example of each general type of endocrine pathology. Some general concepts related to this question are hypersecretion, hyposecretion, abnormal tissue responsiveness, receptor abnormalities, signal transduction, down-regulation, mutation, atrophy, adenoma, and negative feedback.5 Matching: Match the following endocrine organs with the hormone(s) each secretes. A. Parathyroid hormone B. Insulin and glucagon Pineal gland Thyroid gland C. Steroid hormones Pancreas D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine E. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin F. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone G. Melatonin H. Thymosin and thymopoietin Thymus Parathyroid glands Adrenal cortex Anterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Which of the following is not true regarding endocrine organ histology? a. The thyroid gland consists of rings of simple cuboidal follicle cells surrounding colloid. b. The pancreas has an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets and an endocrine portion consisting of aci- nar cells. c. The adrenal cortex has three zones of cells that secrete three different types of hormones. d. The adrenal medulla is modified nervous tissue of the sympathetic nervous system.