10. (a) Remember the structures of cis- and trans- 1,2-dibenzoylethylene. Which diastereomer would have a greater affinity for the polar mobile solvent (phase) in a column chromatographic separation? (b) 5-6-7 refers to which solvent and name the compounds in that solvent. (c) Define eluant.
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- (4) Below are depictions of a student's TLC plates in which fractions 1 - 10 from their column are spotted. Lane 1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 (a) Which fractions contain pure fluorenone? Which contain pure ferrocene? (b) Which lanes, if any, represent mixed fractions? (c) Would the student incorporate lanes 6 and 7 into an Erlenmeyer flask of a combined fraction? Explain with 10 words or less.2. a) Below are the compounds (A) Codeine, (B) Methadone and (C) morphine. What would be the predicted HPLC elution order using a C-18 reverse phase column, 5 µm particles and 50% acetonitrile/H2O mobile phase? Explain MeO HO Me HO A B C b) Rank the following solvent in terms of elutropic strength for Normal Phase chromatography (Ethyl Acetate, Acetonitrile, H2O and Pentane.)A gas chromatogram of a mixture of toluene and ethyl (a) Measure w1/2 for each peak to the nearest 0.1 mm. When the thickness of the pen trace is significant relative to the length being measured, it is important to take the pen width into account. It is best to measure from the edge of one trace to the corresponding edge of the other trace, as shown at the bottom of the left column. (b) Find the number of theoretical plates and the plate height for each peak.
- (b) The distribution ratio for X between n-hexane and water is 8.9. Calculate the concentration of X remaining in the aqueous phase after 50.0 mL of 0.200 M X is treated by extraction with the following quantities of n-hexane? (i) one 40.0-mL portion; (ii) two 20.0-mL portions; (iii) four 10.0-mL portions. (iv) Comment on the results obtained from (b)(i) to (iii).2-pentanone has a retention index of 987 on a poly(ethylene glycol) column (also called Carbowax). (a) Between which two straight-chain hydrocarbons is 2-pentanone eluted? (b) An unretained solute is eluted from a certain column in 1.80 min. Decane (C10H22) is eluted in 15.63 min and undecane (C11H24) is eluted in 17.22 min. What is the retention time of a compound whose retention index is 1 050?TLC was used to compare the solubility of two compounds A and B in a solvent system (acetic acid, methanol, H2O). The distances that solvent has moved in the silica gel TLC was 12 cm. and for the compounds were 2 and 8 cm respectively. (a) Calculate the Rf values and which compound is more soluble and which one is more polar. (b) What are the factors affecting the Rf value
- (i) Calculate the capacity factors (k') for both compounds A and B and the selectivity factor (a) between them, commenting on the values. (ii) Calculate the resolution between A and B and comment on it. (iii) Using the peak for A, calculate the number of theoretical plates for the GC column and comment on the quality of the column.A compound X is to be determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. A calibration curve is constructed from standard solutions of X with the following results: 0.50 ppm, A = 0.24; 1.5 ppm, A = 0.36; 2.5 ppm, A = 0.44; 3.5 ppm, A = 0.59; 4.5 ppm, A = 0.70. A solution of unknown X concentration had an absorbance of A = 0.50. Find the slope and in te rcept of the calibration curve, the standard error in Y, the concentration of the solution of unknown X concentrat ion, and the standard deviation in the concentration of X. Construct a plot of the calibration curve and determine the unknown concentra tion by hand from the plot. Compare it to that obtained from the regression line.A compound X is to be determined by UV/visible spectrophotometry. A calibration curve is constructed from standard solutions of X with the following results: 0.50 ppm, A = 0.24; 1.5 ppm, A = 0.36; 2.5 ppm, A = 0.44; 3.5 ppm, A = 0.59; and 4.5 ppm, A = 0.70. Find the following: 1. slope and intercept of the calibration curve 2. the mean concentration of the solution of unknown X concentration if the absorbance of 3 replicates are A = 0.29, A = 0.30 and A = 0.32. 3. the standard deviation in the concentration of X
- Describe the procedural steps to achieve adequate separation of a homogeneous, liquid mixture containing benzoic acid, n-propylbenzene, and phenol, provided a 4:1 hexane to ethyl acetate solution as the eluent, using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).Explain how it is that SPE cartridges & disks allow analysts to more efficiently pre- concentrate analytes from samples where they exist at low concentrations.1a) Hexane, CH3(CH2)4CH3, is found to have a long retention time when separated from a mixture. A column with a C18 (18-carbon chain) stationary phase and a methanol-water modal phase is used for the separation. Explain why hexane has a long retention time. 1b)You wish to chromatographically seperate a mixtureof the follwing compunds. Which of the two compounds will be most difficult to seperatate from one another? Why?