77. A patient develops increased thirst and urinary frequency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in osmolality is expected?OsmolalityUrineA) 7B) TPlasma

ADH stands for anti diuretic hormone and it is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the…

Answered: 77. A patient develops increased thirst…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter15: Fluid And Acid-base Balance

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87. A patient develops increased thirst and urinary frequency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in osmolality is expected? Osmolality Plasma ↑ ↓ O O O O Urine A) ↑ B) ↑ ↓ ↓
1. There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion, which can occur as a result of head trauma. Patients with this condition retain water and present with a volume imbalance. A) Name the type of volume imbalance and accompanying direction of changes in ICF and ECF volumes and osmolality. B) Calculate the changes in osmolality and volumes of extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments if 3 liters of water are retained by a patient with SIADH. You can assume that the patient’s initial volumes were ECF=14 L, ICF=28 L. And his initial body osmolality = 290 mOsM. Remember that the total solute in the ICF compartment is kept in place by the cell membrane barrier.
35. Identify the osmolality (including units) of MOST body fluids (cytosol, ISF, blood, CSF, etc.) vs. the osmolality range created and maintained in the renal medulla ISF by the countercurrent mechanism. Include the units. I Most body fluids except urine Renal medulla ISF Urine
29. A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of lethargy. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. The results of laboratory studies are shown: Serum Na+ CI- A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme B) Aquaporin C) 11a-Hydroxylase D) Renin E) Vasopressin receptors Osmolality Specific gravity Osmolality Urine 165 mEq/L (N=139-146) 130 mEq/L (N=95-105) 334 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N=282-295) 1.001 117 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N>200) He is admitted to the hospital. His urine output is increased. His serum ADH (vasopressin) concentration is 24 pg/mL (N=1-5); aldosterone and renin concentrations are within the referenc ranges. The urine osmolality remains unchanged after administration of 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin. An MRI of the brain and pituitary gland shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonograp shows normal kidneys. The most likely underlying cause of the findings in this patient is a defect in which of the following?
Why would it be dangerous to administer intravenous fluids that do not have an osmotic pressure comparable to that of bodily fluids?
John has run a marathon on a hot day in June and his body is dehydrated. By referring to osmolarity levels, discuss if plain water would be a good method for rehydration for John John has run a marathon on a hot day in June and his body is dehydrated. By referring to osmolarity levels, discuss if plain water would be a good method for rehydration for John
49. A healthy 27-year-old man ingests 500 mL of hypertonic saline (5%). Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely? OA) Decreased plasma arginine vasopressin concentration B) Decreased plasma osmolality OC) Decreased urine flow rate OD) Increased free water clearance
1.) What are the most important extracellular and intracellular fluid ions and give the significance of each? 2.) What is the outcome of decrease Calcium ions in the body in muscle contraction? 3.) What is the normal body pH?
13. A decrease in atrial natriuretic peptide will result in which of the following? Extracellular Extracellular Fluid Volume Nat Content A) OB) OC) OD) 1 ↓ 1
A 65 years old patient had a major abdominal surgery a day ago. It is known that during surgery he had a few episodes with a significant decrease in blood pressure. It did require an additional administration of fluids intravenously. Currently this patient has a serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L and a serum osmolality is 250 mOsm/kg. He shows no evidence of dehydration. Describe the sequence of physiogical events that led to this abnormality and its possible consequences.
Patient with dehydration was started on fluid therapy. If 5% dextrose is isoosmotic to plasma what effect would infusion of 1L of a 10% dextrose solution have on ECF and ICF volumes? How it would affect body fluid osmolality of a 70 kg individual and why?
A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital following 2½ days of severe vomiting. Before this episode, she was reportedly well. Physical findings revealed decreased skin turgor and dry mucous membranes. Admission study results were as follows: Serum Na: 129 mmol/L Kt: 5.0 mmol/L . Cl: 77 mmol/L HCO3: 9 mmol/L • Osmolality: 265 mOsm/kg Urine 1. 2. ● Na: 8 mmol/d • Ketones: trace Questions What is the cause for each abnormal plasma electrolyte result? What is the significance of the urine sodium and serum osmolality results?

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