After a 26-hour flight a 62-year old male presents to hospital with chest pain and shortness of breath. Clinical examination establishes the diagnosis of a pulmonary thromboembolism. Discuss the pathogenesis of pulmonary thromboembolism. Include in your answer how Virchow’s triad contributes to the development of deep vein thrombosis and suggest a plausible treatment option for this patient
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After a 26-hour flight a 62-year old male presents to hospital with chest pain and shortness of breath. Clinical examination establishes the diagnosis of a pulmonary thromboembolism.
Discuss the pathogenesis of pulmonary thromboembolism. Include in your answer how Virchow’s triad contributes to the development of deep vein thrombosis and suggest a plausible treatment option for this patient
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- A 27‐year‐old woman presents to her general practitioner with fatigue and easy bruising. A full blood count shows pancytopenia, and she is admitted to the hospital. The partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time (international normalized ratio) are both abnormal, and fragmented red cells are noted on blood film. Which ONE of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this case? Select one: A.Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia B.Acute promyelocytic leukaemia C.Acute myeloid leukaemia without differentiation D.Acute monoblastic leukaemiaA 4-year-old boy has massive nosebleeds, post-traumatic inflammations of the knee and elbow joints, extensive hematomas. After the examination, the diagnosis "Hemophilia" was made. Questions: 1. What type of hemostasis is disrupted in hemophilia? 2. What the other kind of hemostasis do you know? 3. Indicate the causes of hemostasis. 4. Check the stages and mechanisms of blood clotting. 5. Specify the different types of thrombi. 6. Describe the biological significance of thrombus formation. 7. What are the outcomes of thrombi?National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/thrombocytopenia (Links to an external site.) Then, discuss the following: Mention the signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia. Discuss the diagnosis process and the treatments available.
- Explain in detail the pathogenesis of a DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) and how it can lead to a PE (Pulmonary Embolism)A 60-year-old man presents with dizziness, nausea, and severe shortness of breath of several months' duration. Physical examination shows hepatomegaly, ascites, and anasarca. His blood pressure is 200/115 mm Hg. An X-ray film of the chest demonstrates cardiomegaly and mild pulmonary edema. Although different mechanisms may have contributed to the pathogenesis of hypertension in this patient, the common end result for all of them is which of the following? (A) Arterial cystic medial necrosis (B) Decreased plasma oncotic pressure (C) Generalized vasodilation (D) Increased peripheral vascular resistance (E) Increased vascular permeabilityA 4-year-old boy has massive nosebleeds, post-traumatic inflammations of the knee and elbow joints, extensive hematomas. After the examination, the diagnosis "Hemophilia" was made. Questions: 4. Describe the stages and mechanisms of blood clotting. 5. Specify the different types of thrombi.
- Match the hematology term with the correct description: Term: - Hemoglobin F - Spleen - Erythropoietin - Thrombocyte - Erythrocyte - Erythropoiesis - Hemoglobin A - Bone marrow Description: - Platelet - Where red blood cells are destroyed - Normal adult hemoglobin - Hormone that stimulates bone marrow to make red blood cells - Red blood cells - Formation of red blood cells - Fetal hemoglobin - Where red blood cells are madeAn 80-year-old man is seen for an annual physical examination. He complains of shortness of breath on exertion and is often tired. His stool is black. Laboratory data are: Hb 8.2 g/dL Hct 30% WBC count: 4.2 x 10°/ WBC differential Neutrophils: 60% Lymphocytes: 31% Monocytes: 7% Eosinophils: 2% Basophils: 0% RBC count: 40 x 102/ RDW: 20% Platelet count: 400 x 10°/ Reticulocyte count: 1.2% Stool occult blood: Positive What is the most probable type of anemia seen in this patient? What is the cause of the anemia seen in this patient?A patient, 50 years old, is hospitalized with the diagnosis "Myocardial infarction". On the second day the patient's fever rose to 37.6° C, neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate were detected in the blood test. Questions: 1. What kind of typical pathological process (TPP) is developed? The answer must be justified. 2. Indicate the reason for the development of this TPP in the patient. 3. What other reasons can cause this TPP? 4. Indicate the main components of the TPP is presented in this task? Give its definition. 5. Define the other components of this TPP. 6. What biologically active substances play an important role in the development of this TPP? 7. Indicate the biological value of this TPP for the body.
- A 45-year-old premenopausal woman has emphysema. This lung disease impairs the ability to oxygenate the blood, so patients experience significant fatigue and tiredness. To alleviate the symptoms, oxygen is typically prescribed, and this patient has a portable oxygen tank she carries with her at all times, breathing through the nasal cannula. Before she began using oxygen, a complete blood count was done. Laboratory Results June 12, 2020 : RBC count: 5.8 x 1012/L September 12, 2020 : RBC count: 5.0 x 1012/L What is the hormone responsible? What are the mechanisms of action of that hormone?Define disseminated intravascular coagulation Context: We diagnosed an atypical presentation of disseminated intravascular coagulation or primary fibrinolysis triggered by an unknown process. We started treatment with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate. In view of her presenting signs and symptoms and travel history, we searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar, which revealed the possibility of caterpillar envenomation that could account for all her clinical symptoms and laboratory results.Provide the expected result of clotting time if the patient is afflicted with the following condition. P if Prolonged and N if Normal. 1.1 Vascular Disorder 1.2 Fibrinogen Deficiency 1.3 Prothrombin Deficiency 1.4 Factor VII Deficiency 1.5 Classic Hemophilia