An aluminum-alloy rod has a length of 10.000 cm at 20.000 °C and a length of 10.015 cm at the boiling point of water. Analyze the rod using linear thermal expansion and i. Determine the length of the rod at the freezing point of water? ii. Determine the temperature if the length of the rod is 10.009 cm?
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- What is the final temperature when a 200-gram copper with specific heat of 0.1 cal/gm-°C is at a temperature of 80°C when it is added to a 200 gram of water at 20°C that is held in a 50-gram aluminum cup having a specific heat of 0.22 cal/gm-°C. COMPLETE FBD SOLUTION AND REQUIREMENTS PS. THIS IS A HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMA brass plug is to be placed in a ring made of iron. At 20°C, the diameter of the plug is 8.755 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.741 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit? Given : Required : Illustration: Solution: final answer:When determining the specific heat of a metal specimen, what would happen to your experimental results if too much cold water were placed in the inner calorimeter cup with the metal specimen? Why?
- a metal bar is made up of 3.0 cm of aluminum and 5.0 cm of steel. the free end of the aluminum bar is placed in contact with steam at 100 degree Celsius. at the other side, the free end of the steel bar maintained at 0 degree Celsius by placing it in contact with the ice. find the temperature at the point that connect the aluminum and the steal (junction)The cooling rate (in °C/s) at the center of a shaft with diameter d (in mm) is given by the following formula log 10(CR) -1.8024 log 10(d) + 4.0565 %3D and the critical cooling rate (CCR in °C/s) of low alloys steels is given as a function of amount of alloying element (in wt%6) as follow. log 10(CCR)= 4.3-3.27×C- (Mn + Cr+Mo+ Ni) 1.6 Find the maximum diameter (in mm) of a shaft to be made of alloy A (such that 100% martensite will be produced after quenching) from the following table is given below: Alloy Weight Percentage (wr%) Mn Cr Mo Ni A 03 08 05 02 055 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.3 5 0 36 0.7 15 255 0.4 06 12 0.15 5 0 41 0 85o 5 o 25 o s5 04 0.65 0 75 0 25 p.85Carbon idallowed to diffuse through a steel plate 23.1 mm thick. The concentrations of carbon at the two faces are0.71 gnand 01g whhare mataontant It the pre exponential and activation energy are 0.0000006 ms and 75453 Mmol respectively compute the temperature at which the diffution fa in 52 10 P Give your answer in degrees.Celsius to 1 decimal place
- A water tank is completely filled with liquid water at 40°C. The tank material is such that it can withstand tension caused by a volume expansion of 5 percent. Determine the maximum temperature rise allowed without jeopardizing safety. Assume a volume expansion coefficient value at that of 65 °C. (Just write the numerical answer. Include - if the answer is negative. No need to put the unit.) Properties of saturated water Volume Specific Heat Jkg - K Thermal Conductivity k, Wim- K Prandti Enthalpy Dynamic Viscosity H. kg/m -s Expansion Coefficient Number Density P. kgim Saturation of Pr Temp. T, "C B. 1/K Liquid Pressure Vaporization P, kPa Liquid Vapor hg, k/kg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor 0.0171 1.792 x 103 0.0173 0.922 x 105 13.5 0.934 x 10-5 1.00 -0.068 x 10 3 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.6113 999.8 0.8721 0.0048 0.0068 2501 2490 2478 4217 4205 1854 0.561 0.571 1.519 x 10-3 1.307 x 10-3 0.946 x 10-5 1.138 x 10 3 0.959 x 10-5 1.002 x 10 3 0.973 x 105 999.9 1857 11.2 0.015…(b) If a steel shaft of diameter 50 mm is subjected to cooling within the steel of 80 °C, determine the diameter of hole that the shaft can be inserted into. Take the coefficient of linear expansion of steel to be 15 x 10-6 K-1.A square piece is initially at 10 degrees Celsius everywhere. Each side is 0.05 m long. Then the four sides are instantly heated up to 25 degrees Celsius, 50 degrees Celsius, 30 degrees Celsius, and 0 degrees Celsius. a. Find how long it takes for the temperature profile of this square to become steady if the material is copper. What is the final temperature at the center of the square? b. Find how long it takes for the temperature profile of this square to become steady if the material is air. What is the final temperature at the center of the square? c. Which material takes longer to reach steady state and why?
- A 44-mm diameter cylindrical steel specimen is to be heat treated such that the microstructure throu will be at least 50% martensite. We are to decide which of several alloys will satisfy this criterion if the quen medium is moderately agitated (a) oil, and (b) water. Cooling rate at 700°C (1300*F) Cooling rate at 700°C (1300°F) 7 "Fis 3.9 °Cs 305 125 56 33 16.3 10 305 125 56 33 16.3 10 7 "F/s 9 5.6 170 70 31 18 170 70 31 18 9 5.6 3.9 "Cs 100 100 Surface 75 75 Surface Center 50 Center Center 25 R Surface 10 30 mm 10 20 30 mm 1j in. 1 1 in. Equivalent distance from quenched end Equivalent distance from quenched end water quenching oil quenching Cooling rate at 700°C (1300°F) 490 305 125 56 33 16.3 10 5.1 3.5 °F/s 270170 70 31 18 60 2.8 2 °C/s 9 5.6 3.9 -100 50 4340 80 40 4140 8640 30 5140 1040 20 10 20 30 40 50 mm 1 1 1 2 in. 4. Distance from quenched end Hardness, HRC Diameter of bar (mm) 20 m14 Diameter of bar (in.) Diameter of bar (mm) 1/2 m/4 Percent martensite Diameter of bar (in.)When does the principle of superposition does not apply to a column?Explain how the properties and structure of different given engineering materials affect their behaviour in given engineering applications 2) Plain carbon steel (mild steel) is widely used in the construction of ships hulls. It is easy to work with, low cost and has good structural integrity when ships are operating in normal water temperatures (3°C to 25°C). Explain what happens to the material if a ship is operated for long periods of time in water temperatures that are at or near to freezing. 2) Aluminium alloy (code 2024 age hardened, also called Duralumin) is widely used in the construction of passenger aircraft. Explain why this is and the reasons for putting a finite life on certain parts of the airframe