Consider a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is placed in the chamber on left-hand side of the membrane and an equal volume of pure water is placed in the chamber on the right-hand side of the membrane (as illustrated BELOW). At this point, osmosis begins. Will osmotic pressure cause the water level to rise on the left-hand side or the right-hand side of the membrane? Initial State: Equal amounts of liquid are placed on opposite sides of a membrane. Saltwater on one side and pure water on the other side. = H₂O molecule = Nation =Cl- ion

Consider a container that is divided by a semipermeable membrane. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is placed in the chamber on left-hand side of the membrane and an equal volume of pure water is placed in the chamber on the right-hand side of the membrane (as illustrated BELOW). At this point, osmosis begins. Will osmotic pressure cause the water level to rise on the left-hand side or the right-hand side of the membrane? Initial State: Equal amounts of liquid are placed on opposite sides of a membrane. Saltwater on one side and pure water on the other side. = H₂O molecule = Nation =Cl- ion

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter8: Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.114EP: Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only...

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6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only water to pass through, as shown in the diagram in Problem 8-113. Based on each of the following identities for solutions A and B, indicate whether the liquid level in compartment A, with time, will increase, decrease, or not change. a. A = 1.0 M glucose solution and B = 2.0 M glucose solution b. A = 5.0%(m/v) NaCl solution and B = 4.0%(m/v) NaCl solution c. A = 2.0 M Na2SO4 solution and B = 3.0 M KNO3 solution d. A = 2.0 M glucose solution and B = 1.0 M NaCl solution
Distinguish between dispersion methods and condensation methods for preparing colloidal systems.
Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only water to pass through, as shown in the following diagram. Based on each of the following identities for solutions A and B, indicate whether the liquid level in compartment A, with time, will increase, decrease, or not change. a. A = 1.0 M NaCl solution and B = 2.0 M NaCl solution b. A = 5.0%(m/v) glucose solution and B = 4.0%(m/v) glucose solution c. A = 2.0 M KCl solution and B = 2.0 M KNO3 solution d. A = 1.0 M glucose solution and B = 1.0 M NaCl solution
Solutions Introduced directly into the bloodstream have to be isotonic with blood; that is, they must have the same osmotic pressure as blood. An aqueous NaCl solution has to be 0.90% by mass to be isotonic with blood. What is the molarity of the sodium ions in solution? Take the density of the solution to be 1.00 g/mL.