“In an organism that reproduces asexually, there is no difference between a somatic cell mutation and a germ line mutation.” Is this statement true? Explain.
Q: Does crossing over occur during prophase II? From an evolutionary perspective, why is this…
A: Chromosomes can be defined as the thread-like structures that is located inside the nucleus of…
Q: Assume a cell present in your body has performed a mismatch error during the process of DNA…
A: As you have not mentioned which question to answer, we are answering question 1 for you. Cell…
Q: Define the Random Monoallelic Expression: Inactivation of the X Chromosome ?
A: They were discovered in 1876. These are the tertiary structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)…
Q: What is the difference between maintenance methylation and de novo methylation? In what cell types…
A: Methylation denotes the addition of methyl groups on a substrate, or substitution of an atom by…
Q: Define the Genomic Instability in cancer cells ? What is leads to ?
A: Genes are the elements that holds responsible for various vital functions in the body. Genes are…
Q: What is a heterochronic mutation? How does it affect the phenotypic outcome of an organism? What…
A: Mutation means sudden changes occur in DNA sequences. The mutation occurs randomly. It also occurs…
Q: In all mammals, insulin growth factor 2 is expressed from only the allele that is inherited by one's…
A: Igf2 stands for insulin growth factor 2. It is responsible for maintaining the growth in the tissue…
Q: What is the genetic basis that causes the symptoms of Downsyndrome?
A: Genetic diseases can be defined as the diseases which is cause due to the change in the genetic…
Q: Why dominant negative mutation shows the haploinsufficiency ?
A: A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistake when the DNA is copied…
Q: What is the spreading phase of X-chromosome inactivation? Whydo you think it is called a spreading…
A: Heterochromatization of one X chromosome begins in the late blastocyst stage of the embryonic life.…
Q: The dominant condition elliptocytosis causes red blood cells to become misshapen into oval-shaped…
A: answer given below
Q: What DNA chemical modification can change the expression level of a target gene without sequence…
A: Introduction Epigenetics refers to the heritable or non-heritable changes in gene expression,…
Q: In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X ChromosomeInactivation in Transgenic Mice, suppose the…
A: Transgenic mice are the animal models that are used to study the functions of a specific gene by…
Q: What are a deletion loop and an inversion loop? What is the importance of these loops during cell…
A: Introduction Mitosis and meiosis are the two kinds of cell division. When people say "cell…
Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…
A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…
Q: If X inactivation compensates for an extra X chromosome, why do Klinefeltermales (XXY) have problems…
A: DNA is considered to be the genetic material within the nucleus that gets packed in thread-like…
Q: What protein does the P53 code for and why is it important?
A: Answer :- The TP53 quality gives guidelines to making a protein called growth protein p53 (or p53).…
Q: During growth, can a patch of tissue with a white phenotype give rise to a patch with a green…
A: Plants are multicellular organisms in the kingdom Plantae. Plants have an essential role in the…
Q: How many functional copies of ɑAA reductase does a yeast cell need in order to perform lysine…
A: Haploid cell contains one set of all the chromosomes. Diploid cell contains two sets of all the…
Q: What do you suppose is the phenotype of this mutant strain?
A: the phenotype of this mutant strain is haploid, loss of mutations are Recessive
Q: a often survive until adulthood and produce children, what is their risk of developing other types…
A: Retinoblastoma is an uncommon type of eye cancer that occurs in the young children and in this type…
Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…
A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…
Q: What characteristics of the pedigree suggest that pancreatic cancer in this family is inherited as…
A: Introduction Pedigree Analysis: This is the new approach to study the inheritance pattern in the…
Q: In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a recessive gene called grandchildless (gs) causes the…
A: The grandchildless is an autosomal recessive condition (gs/gs). The males of the Drosophila…
Q: In X-chromosome inactivation, when is the choice made as to which X chromosome is inactivated? Does…
A: Females have two copies of the X chromosome, producing a double dose of X-linked genes. The…
Q: What is FISH? Briefly describe how it works How is FISH used to characterize chromosomal…
A: FISH ( fluorescence in situ hybridization ) is a technique for detecting and locating a specific DNA…
Q: What is the probability of a mutation occurring within the protein coding region of the human genome…
A: Changes in base sequences in DNA is called mutation. It may due occur due to the exposure of many…
Q: Which of these are cellular activities that sustain a single-celled organism through its lifetime?…
A: The one cell of a unicellular organism must be able to perform all the functions necessary for life.…
Q: researchers have been able to clonemammals by fusing a cell having a diploid nucleus (i.e., a…
A: Step 1 Cloning is the process that produces individuals with identical or virtually identical DNA…
Q: When BRCA1 is absent, is it unable to transcribe genes like p21, which leads to senescence ?
A: Introduction Senescence is defined as the stage when the cell stops dividing permanently but does…
Q: How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations? Germ-line mutations are reversible, while…
A: Mutations are the random changes in the genome of organisms.
Q: Comparing the colchicine-treated cell and the untreated cell, what general type of chromosomal…
A: Colchicine is a microtubule destabilizing drug and is used for the treatment of rheumatoid…
Q: What would be the effect of deleting the toll gene in Drosophila embryos?
A: What are toll genes? Toll is a maternally required Drosophila gene that encodes a transmembrane…
Q: Occasionally, a mouse X chromosome is broken into two pieces and each piece becomes attached to a…
A: Chromosomes are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of plant and animal cells. Each…
Q: What is meant by the term cell fate? What is a cell lineage diagram? Discuss the experimental…
A: A cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. Each…
Q: How did the discovery of three categories of petite mutations in yeast lead researchers to postulate…
A: Extranuclear inheritance is defined as the transmission of genes that happen outside the nucleus. It…
Q: Mutating the gene Transformer (tra) in Drosophila that is chromosomally XX leads to the development…
A: A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result of mistakes in…
Q: Explain the mechanisms of disease development that result from or cause geneexpression changes in…
A: Mutations Changes to an organism's DNA sequence . Can be the result of viral infection, exposure…
Q: why do cells that lack cell cycle control exhibit karyotypes that look physically different than…
A: In cell number of sequentially, events occur for duplication of the cell. During the cell cycle DNA…
Q: what forms during crossing over in prophase 1?
A: Cell division is a process of a parent cell replicating it chromosomal content and dividing itself…
Q: X chromosome inactivation in a diploid XX female is not completely inactivated, explain?
A: Introduction X chromosome inactivation: it is also referred as Lyonization. In this there is…
Q: In a particular strain of Neurospora, a poky mutation exhibits biparental inheritance, whereas poky…
A: The pattern of inheritance of genes relates to the reproduction of organisms. Most of the characters…
Q: What are three similarities and three differences between Germline mutations and Somatic mutations?
A: A mutation refers to the alteration in the sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It can be a…
Q: What is the experimental evidence that demonstrates direct evidence that chemical carcinogens are…
A: Introduction: carcinogen, any of the many substances that can give humans cancer. They fall into…
Q: A new recessive mutant allele doesn’t show pseudodominance with any of the deletions that span…
A: Pseudodominance is defined as the sudden appearance of the phenotype of a recessive gene in a…
Q: As the most junior member of a lab, you are tasked with generating cell lines that accumulate DNA…
A: If DNA damage occurs then the cell cycle will be arrested and the cell try to repair the damaged…
“In an organism that reproduces asexually, there is no difference between a somatic cell mutation and a germ line mutation.” Is this statement true? Explain.
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- Theodor Boveri predicted that malignancies would often be associated with chromosomal mutation. What lines of evidence substantiate this prediction?The oncogenic protein BETA promotes entry into the S phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of BETA at the amino acid Tyr98 causes BETA to be degraded by the proteasome, thus limiting its abundance. A mutation in the codon encoding Tyr98 changes this residue to Cys, which cannot be phosphorylated. What is the best description of this mutant allele?a) antimorphb) hypermorphc) hypomorphd) amorphe) neomorphA typical somatic cell from a badger, which is a diploid, sexually reproducing animal, contains a total of 32 chromosomes. Gametogenesis in badgers is similar to humans. What is the genome size for the badger in terms of chromosome number? How many DNA molecules would be found in a secondary oocyte before dividing? How many chromosomes would be found in a cell at metaphase? How many DNA molecules should be in a tetraploid liver cell from the badger?
- Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism not necessarily result in a detectable phenotype?Why dominant negative mutation shows the haploinsufficiency ?According to the endosymbiosis theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from bacteria that took up residence withineukaryotic cells. At one time, prior to being taken up by eukaryoticcells, these bacteria were free-living organisms. However, we cannot take a mitochondrion or chloroplast out of a living eukaryoticcell and get it to survive and replicate on its own. Discuss why not.
- An individual has a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. This individual also has a normal copy of chromosome 5. Would you expect this individual to have Cri-du-chat syndrome? Why or why not? Question 7 options: A) Yes, because they will inactivate their normal chromosome 5 B) Yes, because they only contain one copy of some of their genes C) No, because this is a terminal deficiency D) No, because they still have at least one copy of all the genes on chromosome 5To identify genes controlling the cell cycle in budding yeast, a genetic screen was carried out. In this screen, haploid yeast cells were exposed to a DNA damaging agent to introduce random mutations in the genome. By culturing cells at an elevated temperature (e.g. 37 degrees), where many mutated genes lose their function, scientists identified yeast mutants that showed growth defects and arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle (e.g. in mitosis with large buds). In this screen, mutants of the cyclin-dependent kinase were identified, but not mutants of cyclins. Explain the reason for this outcome.Mitotic nondisjunction can occur, particularly in tumor cells. Assume a single nondisjunction event involving the X chromosome occurs in a cell undergoing mitosis in a human female. First, consider the daughter cell with the smaller number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have? Next, consider the daughter cell with the larger number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have?
- In the experiment of cell fusion, when tumor cells were fused with normal cells, the initially formed tetraploid cells (or subsequently arising sub-tetraploid cells) were discovered to have lost the ability to form tumors. What is the explanation for this observation?In a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?A cytogeneticist is studying the cells from an abnormal female monkey. In some cells, she finds that both X-chromosomes are active (i.e. not packaged into a Barr body), although one of the X-chromosomes appears shorter. She also finds that one of the autosomes are packaged as a Barr body, and she suspects that a translocation event might have been involved. By referring to the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation, explain the observations made by the scientist