Many organisms have a class of genes called ' heat shock proteins.' These genes are expressed at high levels when cells are exposed to high temperatures. once they are transcribed and translated, they help stabilize other proteins in the cell to protect them form the high temperature. What kind of response to the enviornment is the elevated expression of heat-shock proteins? - mutational response - direct response - gene-mediated response

Many organisms have a class of genes called ' heat shock proteins.' These genes are expressed at high levels when cells are exposed to high temperatures. once they are transcribed and translated, they help stabilize other proteins in the cell to protect them form the high temperature. What kind of response to the enviornment is the elevated expression of heat-shock proteins? - mutational response - direct response - gene-mediated response

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter37: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold misfolded proteins. In...

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Why do you suppose that proteins involved in gene expression are among the heat shock proteins?
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Briefly describe why a cell would need a family of chaperone proteins called “heat shock proteins” (HSPs). What is the role of HSPs in the cell? How do HSPs recognize their target? (5 sentence max) Please answer asap and in short
Cow's milk allergy (CMA) and lactose intolerance both result from dietary exposure to cow's milk and are often confused. CMA is caused by an abnormal inflammatory response to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Although more than one mechanism. appears to be involved in generating this response, the antibody- mediated response is the best understood. Development of the antibody-mediated response occurs in two stages, the first being the generation of an abnormal immune response during initial exposure to milk proteins and the second being the generation of an inflammatory response upon subsequent exposure. Symptoms of antibody-mediated CMA may include hives and respiratory difficulty. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs but can be fatal if not treated immediately. Lactose intolerance, also known as lactase deficiency, is a condition that results from insufficient synthesis of the enzyme lactase, which converts lactose into glucose and galactose. Although all healthy newborns produce…
Experiment: Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcription factors that induce genes encoding proteins that protect against cellular stress. Two distinct heat shock factors, called HSF1 and HSF2, recognize the same binding site in DNA. The figure shows the result of an experiment in which the effect of an anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, was studied. HeLa cells were cultured at 37°C (lane 1 [C, control] and lanes 3-10), or 42° C (lane 2; HS, heat-shocked). The cultures for samples 3- 10 were treated with various concentrations of indomethacin, indicated at the top of each lane. After treatment, nuclear protein extracts were prepared and mixed with 32P-labeled, double- stranded oligonucleotides containing the HSF binding site. Anti-HSF1 (samples 7 and 8) or anti- HSF2 (samples 9 and 10) antibodies were also added to some of the samples. The samples were subjected to electrophoresis in a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel, and autoradiography was performed.
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HDL-R: HDLS carry cholesterol to the liver for elimination. Liver cells respond to estrogen to express a protein receptor for HDLS coded by the HDL-R gene (HDL-R gene contains an estrogen response element.) PFK: codes for an enzyme called phosphofructokinase that is used in the first steps of breaking down glucose for energy in all cells. (Gene has no estrogen response element.) CD3: codes for a cell surface protein produced by immune B cells (Gene has no estrogen response element) MRNA transcripts can be collected from cells, made to glow with a fluorescent dye, and added to a microarray chip containing spots with DNA sequences from each of these genes. (In the depiction of the microarrays below o indicates no binding of the MRNA, and • indicates binding.) HDL-R PFK CD3 A Which of the gene expression patterns would you expect to see if you used mRNA from immune B cells to add to the microarray? O A O B O C O D
HDL-R: HDLS carry cholesterol to the liver for elimination. Liver cells respond to estrogen to express a protein receptor for HDLS coded by the HDL-R gene (HDL-R gene contains an estrogen response element.) PFK: codes for an enzyme called phosphofructokinase that is used in the first steps of breaking down glucose for energy in all cells. (Gene has no estrogen response element.) CD3: codes for a cell surface protein produced by immune B cells (Gene has no estrogen response element) Which of the following describes differences in the HDL-R gene in liver & immune cells? O The immune cell has permanently altered the HDL-R gene so that it can no longer be transcribed. O The immune cell has removed the estrogen response element from the HDL-R gene so that it cannot be transcribed. No difference O Only the liver cell retains the HDL-R gene, the immune cell has lost it.
HDL-R: HDLS carry cholesterol to the liver for elimination. Liver cells respond to estrogen to express a protein receptor for HDLS coded by the HDL-R gene (HDL-R gene contains an estrogen response element.) PFK: codes for an enzyme called phosphofructokinase that is used in the first steps of breaking down glucose for energy in all cells. (Gene has no estrogen response element.) CD3: codes for a cell surface protein produced by immune B cells (Gene has no estrogen response element) If estrogen circulates and reaches all cells in the body, how is the HDL receptor protein produced in liver but not in immune cells? O Immune cells are not exposed to high enough levels of estrogen to stimulate transcription ofHDL-R into mRNA. O Immune cells have inactivated the estrogen response element in order to prevent expression of this genes that they don't need. O The HDL-R gene in immune cells lacks an estrogen response element in the upstream DNA. O Immune cells do not produce the estrogen receptor…
HDL-R: HDLs carry cholesterol to the liver for elimination. Liver cells respond to estrogen to express a protein receptor for HDLs coded by the HDL-R gene (HDL-R gene contains an estrogen response element.) PFK: codes for an enzyme called phosphofructokinase that is used in the first steps of breaking down glucose for energy in all cells. (Gene has no estrogen response element.) CD3: codes for a cell surface protein produced by immune B cells (Gene has no estrogen response element)mRNA transcripts can be collected from cells, made to glow with a fluorescent dye, and added to a microarray chip containing spots with DNA sequences from each of these genes. (In the depiction of the microarrays below ○ indicates no binding of the mRNA, and ● indicates binding.)Which of the gene expression patterns would you expect to see if you used mRNA from immune B cells to add to the microarray?