Q1) The hotter fluid of a parallel flow heat exchanger decreases in temperature from 200°C to 100°C and the cooler fluid increases from 40°C to 90°C. For the same heat transfer, what is the percentage saving in area made by using counter flow instead? [34.5%]
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Heat Exchangers
Heat exchangers are the types of equipment that are primarily employed to transfer the thermal energy from one fluid to another, provided that one of the fluids should be at a higher thermal energy content than the other fluid.
Heat Exchanger
The heat exchanger is a combination of two words ''Heat'' and ''Exchanger''. It is a mechanical device that is used to exchange heat energy between two fluids.
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- Q1] A shell and tube heat exchanger is used to heat water (C = 4236 J/kg. °C) from 80°C to 150°C at a rate of 12.5 kg/s by hot gas that enters the exchanger at 350°C with a rate of 20.36 kg/s. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 290 W/m² °C. The gas making 2-shell passes and the water making 4-tube passes. Calculate the heat transfer surface area (Cp (gas) = 1.04 kJ/kg.°C). heat flux: (a) byHello! I'd like help with the following exercise, from Levenspiel's "Engineering Flow and Heat Exchange". Leftover air at 20ºC and 100kPa is driven by a fan through a horizontal galvanized conduit of 1 m in diameter and 10m in length at a speed of 10 m/s. What size motor should be used if its efficiency is 90% and that of the fan is 20%? I'm not sure where to start. My professor hasn't explained much about this subject.2-) 10500 kg/hr of water is heated using a counter-flow, double-pipe heat exchanger utilizing superheated steam. Steam passes through the heat exchanger at 130 °C after entering at 180 °C. Water has an entrance temperature of 30 °C and an outlet temperature of 80 °C. Calculate the heat transfer area if the overall heat transfer coefficient from steam to water is 814 W/m² K. How much more area would there be if the fluid flow was parallel?
- in a 10-m long center-current flow tubular heat exchanger, a liquid food, flowing in the inner pipe (inside diameter 5 cm), is heated from 4 to 60 C for pasteurization. In the outer tube (diameter 10 cm), hot water enters at 95 C and exits at 80 C. A) If the mass flow rate of the hot water is 5 kg/s, what is the flow rate of the pasteurized product? The specific heat of the water is 4.2 kJ/(kg C), specific heat of product is 3.8 kJ/(kg C) B) what is the log mean temperature difference C) What is the overall heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger based on the outside surface?The pressurized water that enters a cross-flow heat exchanger with a flow of 1 kg / s at 35 ° C and leaves at 125 ° C, where fluids do not mix, is heated by exhaust gases entering the heat exchanger at 300 ° C and exiting at 100 ° C. . The total heat transfer coefficient defined according to the surface on the gas side is 100 W / m ° K. Thermal properties of exhaust gases are considered as atmospheric air. a) Find the required surface area on the gas side. (15P) Due to the contamination that occurs over time, the inlet temperature and flow rate of the water in the heat exchanger remain the same, while the outlet temperature drops to 105 ° C *.a) Calculate the new condition with the acceptance of fixed thermal properties, b) Heat transfer, c) Exhaust gases exit temperature.5) During an experiment, a plate heat exchanger that is used to transfer heat from a hot-water stream to a cold-water stream is tested, and the following measurements are taken: Hot water Cold water stream stream 38.9 Inlet temperature, °C Outlet temperature, "C Volume flow rate, L/min 14.3 27.0 19.8 2.5 4.5 The heat transfer arca is calculated to be 0.0400 m. (a) Calculate the rate of heat transfer to the cold water. (b) Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient. (c) Determine if the heat exchanger is truly adiabatic. If not, determine the fraction of heat loss and calculate the heat transfer efficiency. (d) Determine the effectiveness and the NTU values of the heat exchanger. (Answers: (a) 1724 W (b) 3017 Wiw C (c) the heat exchanger is not adiabatic so heat loss 16.4% and heat transfer efficiency 83.6% (d) effectiveness 44.4% and NTU 0.697) Hot water 38.9°C 19.8°C Cold water 14.3°C 27.0°C
- 3.21 You must cool 78 kg/min of a 60%-by-mass mixture of glycerin in wa- ter from 108°C to 50°C using cooling water available at 7°C. Design a one-shell-pass, two-tube-pass heat exchanger if U = 637 W/m²K. Which side should the water flow through? Explain any design decision you make and report the area, TH₂0out and any other relevant features.Q2 a) Consider heat transfer to oil flow inside a copper pipe. Is the pipe length affecting the heat transfer rate into the oil? Briefly explain. b) Used engine oil can be recycled by a patented reprocessing system. Suppose that such a system includes a process during which engine oil flows through a 1-cm-internal diameter, 0.02-cm- wall copper tube at the rate of 0.05 kg/s. The oil enters at 35°C and is to be heated to 45°C by atmospheric-pressure steam condensing on the outside, as shown in figure given below. i) ii) iii) Determine the condensing steam temperature at 1 atm, T. [°C]. Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient for the oil inside the pipe, [W/m'.K]. Calculate the rate of heat transfer rate into the oil, [kW], and, determine the length of the tube required. iv) Condensing steam Ct lam Oil in 35°C Oil out 0.05 kg/s I em 45°C 0.02 cm Copper tube L = ?2-A cross-flow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed is used to heat water (c, = 4.18 kJ/kg•K) from 40°C to 80°C, flowing at the rate of 1.0kg/s. What is the overall heat transfer coefficient if hot engine oil (c, = 1.9 kJ/kg-K), flowing at the rate of 2.6 kg/s, enters at 100°C? The heat transfer area is 20 m2. (Note %3D that you can use either an effectiveness or an LMTD method. It would be wise to use both as a check.)
- 3.13 Air at 2 kg/s and 27°C and a stream of water at 1.5 kg/s and 60°C each enter a heat exchanger. Evaluate the exit temperatures if A = 12 m², U = 185 W/m²K, and: a. The exchanger is parallel flow; b. The exchanger is counterflow [Tħout = 54.0°C]; c. The exchanger is cross flow, one stream mixed; d. The exchanger is cross flow, neither stream mixed. [Thout = 53.62°C]3.36 Both C's in a parallel-flow heat exchanger are equal to 156 W/K, U 327 W/m²K and A = 2 m². The hot fluid enters at 140°C and leaves at 90°C. The cold fluid enters at 40°C. If both C's are halved, what will be the exit temperature of the hot fluid?4. The following heat exchanger uses 10 kg/s of hot air to heat and boil liquid water into saturated steam at 500 kPa. (a) Find the steam flow (kg/s) (b) Determine whether the process is allowed by the second law (Answer: It is not!) (c) On the surface, the process looks OK as Tair>Twater at both the inlet and outlet. You should be able to see the problem if you sketch the air and the water temperature profiles as you move left to right through the exchanger. (Hints: The air will be essentially a straight line, while the water will not. For the water, think about what happens when it is changing phase.) This is called a pinch point violation, and it is a very important design consideration in advanced combined cycle systems and in nuclear power plants. Air 100 kPa 160°C 10 kg/s Saturated Vapor 500 kPa Air: 160°C Steam: 151.8°C Q Air 100 kPa 30°C Liquid Water 500 kPa, 20°C Air: 30°C Water: 20°C