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- Question 5 2. During inspiration, how does the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli changes relative to the deoxygenated blood in the lung capillaries to enable diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar membrane? (Mention if the partial pressure of oxygen is increased or decreased in the alveoli compared to capillary deoxygenated blood during inspiration, and how that affects oxygen diffusion across the alveolar membrane).Question 6 Cindy is taking 14 breaths per minute. Her vital capacity is 3000 mL, her total lung capacity is 4000 mL, her tidal volume is 450 mL per breath and her anatomical dead space is 150mL. Calculate the following: (show your work, include units) 1. Cindy's total pulmonary (minute) ventilation rate 2. Cindy's alveolar ventilation rateQUESTION 41 What is the net movement of carbon dioxide gas, given the following: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air = 95 mmHg = 100 mmHg Carbon dioxide will not move because the solubility coefficient for carbon dioxide is too small Carbon dioxide will not move because the concentration gradient is too small Carbon dioxide will move into the blood Carbon dioxide will move into the alveolus
- Question 11 1.2 Emphysema (a type of COPD) forces the afflicted individual to exhale through pursed lips to maintain intrabronchial backpressure, thereby most likely preventing O The use of secondary breathing muscles O Mixing of oxygenated/deoxygenated blood O Airway collapse O Surface tension decrease O Decreased traction • PreviousQUESTION 37 Which of the following is FALSE? O O O C The wall of the pleural cavity is lined with parietal pleura. The surface of the lungs is covered with visceral pleura. The pleural cavity is the space between the individual alveoli. The pleural fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura makes the 2 membranes stick together. The alveoli share some of their walls with the visceral surface so when chest wall expands when breathing this "pulls" on the alveoli against the wall which opens them.Question 6 In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, alveolar thickness is increased (due to tissue necrosis), and the alveolar area is reduced. Explain how increased alveolar thickness and the decreased area would affect the diffusion of oxygen from lung alveoli into capillary blood. (Use Fick’s equation to explain how oxygen diffusion will be affected when alveolar thickness increases and area decreases).
- QUESTION 13 This figure represents Atmospheric pressure (Patm) = 760 mmHg -F Thoracic wall TD 756 В 760 Lung `A Diaphragm Alveolar pressure (Paly) mid-expiration mid-inspiration the end of expiration the end of inspirationQuestion 93 Why are there C-shaped tracheal cartilages? O To allow for the passage of bolus in the esophagus posteriorly All the organs of the respiratory tracts are shaped this way O To wind around the pharynx, the aorta, and the vertebrae The tracheal cartilages are complete circles not c-shaped For esthetics, and because there are two primary bronchiQUESTION 8 Given the following, what is the partial pressure of gas B (mm Hg) in this mixture of gases? Mixture of gases includes gases A, B, and C. The total pressure exerted by the gaseous mixture is 300 mm Hg. Gas A = 50% of the total gas, Gas B = 10% of the total gas, and Gas C = 40% of the total gas. 50 300 30 O 10
- Question 4 2. In organs with high metabolic activity, the intracellular concentration of 2, 3 diphosphoglyceric acids (2,3 DPG) in red blood cells is increased (red blood cells in the capillaries supplying blood to the highly active organs have a higher concentration of 2,3 DPG). Draw the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves (oxyhemoglobin percent saturation vs partial pressure for oxygen) for normal and higher 2,3 DPG concentrations and explain how increased intracellular concentration of 2,3 DPG affects oxyhemoglobin saturation and oxygen affinity.QUESTION 37 A larger percentage of carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the blood plasma as compared to oxygen gas because the solubility coefficient for carbon dioxide is greater than oxygen partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is greater than carbon dioxide solubility coefficient for oxygen is greater than carbon dioxide partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is greater than oxygenQuestion 7 The formation of oxyhemoglobin from deoxyhemoglobin at the lungs is called an unloading reaction True or false?