Questions 5. Use Figure 5 above to complete the following: a. Using a highlighter (any color), highlight the following components: flavoprotein, quinone, and cytochrome. b. Circle the protons. c. Draw boxes around the electrons.
Q: What is the rise per turn associated with an alpha helix?
A: Proteins are specialized macromolecules that are necessary for the structure and operation of living…
Q: PLP can catalyze both \alpha, \beta elimination reactions and \beta, \gamma - elimination reactions.…
A: Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a prosthetic group mostly involved in the metabolism of substrates with…
Q: The end product of protein digestion is: a) monosaccharides b) glycerol and fatty acids c)…
A: The objective of these questions is to test the understanding of various biochemical processes,…
Q: Which of the structures above is a component of sucrose and predominantly forms a furanose ring…
A: Fructose and glucose are the two monosaccharides that make up sucrose, a disaccharide. C12H12O11 is…
Q: Complete the structure of thalidomide by drawing multiple bonds
A:
Q: You repeat your kinetic assay for three additional substrate concentrations and determine the…
A: Michaelis-Menten Kinetics is one of the simplest approaches to enzyme kinetics.The basic equation is…
Q: 8. ( Monosaccharides - 2 A. Circle the stercocenters in this monosaccharide structure. B. Identify…
A: The question is related to the stereocenters, stereoisomers, and related enantiomers.The…
Q: Which ligand-binding curve in the figure below would be consistent with the protein exhibiting a Ka…
A: Consider the interaction between a protein (P) and ligand (L) as shown below.Here, Ka is the…
Q: Match each of the following aspects of DNA with the main structural feature which makes it possible.…
A: DNA (including the B-DNA) has a major and a minor groove. The major groove is wider compared to the…
Q: Please explain the significance of the metabolites that served as inhibitors (CTP) or activators…
A: Pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic organic…
Q: Name the following fatty acids by the symbol (C:B)
A: A carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, whether saturated or unsaturated, is referred to as a…
Q: 3. Amino acid residues and peptide bonds (a) Draw the chemical structure of F, S and H joined by…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have a hydrogen atom, an amino group and a carboxyl group linked…
Q: Please answer the following answer: Ethanol metabolism has been part of the human diet for…
A: The question is asking about the effects of high concentration of NADH, a product of ethanol…
Q: Antibodies are one of the key elements in the human immune system. a. What is the general structure…
A: A big Y-shaped protein called an antibody (Ab), sometimes referred to as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is…
Q: if the absorbance value measured in a spectrophotometer is 0.5, how much of the original incident…
A: The objective of this question is to determine the percentage of the original incident light that is…
Q: If a particular polypeptide that is very compact in 0.01 M NaCl expands considerably in 0.5 M NaCl,…
A: A polypeptide is defined as a linear chain of amino acids which are linked by peptide bonds. The…
Q: What is incorrect in the diagram shown below? Halla COA Thiolysis H₂C CoA + Acetyl CoA عمله H₂C COA…
A: The beta-oxidation cycle is generally composed of 4 steps. The fourth and final step of the cycle is…
Q: if the absorbance of pure chlorophyll a in a 1 cm cell is 0.876 at 530 nm and the concentration is…
A:
Q: D-galactose (Figure 2) reacts with methanol. Edit the structure of D-galactose drawn below to create…
A: Carbohydrates such as monosaccharides reacts with methanol in the presence of an acid to form acetal…
Q: 4. Nucleic acid structure - Use dashed lines to indicate H-bonds. ● ● Draw the structure of the…
A: Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are polymeric macromolecules that are essential molecules of life.…
Q: The reaction in gluconeogenesis catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH)…
A: Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors like…
Q: In mixed inhibition as shown below, please draw a lineweaver-burk plot when Kl is greater than KI'.…
A: Michalis Menten equation for given reactionE + S ESE+PVo - Initial velocity or initial reaction…
Q: How long (Å) is an alpha helix of 16 amino acid residues?
A: Alpha-helix is a spiral structure formed by hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl group of first…
Q: What is the difference between range and threshold?
A: In biochemistry, the terms threshold and range are often used , but they have distinct…
Q: (3)What type of inheritance is shown in the pedigree above
A: 1.AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT-Does not skip generation.-Affected parents can have unaffected…
Q: The unusual levels of citrulline could be explained by the loss of function of which enzyme? Draw…
A: Citrulline is a metabolite which is synthesised from carbomyl phosphate and ornithine by ornithine…
Q: If you discover that a protein binds more than one molecule (ligand). How can you determine whether…
A: Proteins are the large and complex biomolecules composed of a large number of amino acids attached…
Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE of BOTH DNA replication and DNA transcription? During the…
A: DNA replication is the process by which two daughter strands are obtained. Each of the strands…
Q: Check the box under each molecule for which the statement in the first column is true. statement It…
A: The majority of biological processes require ribonucleic acid (RNA), a polymeric molecule that…
Q: True or False: The presence of Howell-Jolly bodies on a blood smear is indicative of asplenia or…
A: Howell-Jolly bodies are clusters of DNA which are nothing but basophilic nuclear remenents present…
Q: Question 8 Listen In fruit flies a dominant mutation on the X chromosome causes the eye to be oval…
A: The objective of this question is to understand the inheritance pattern of a sex-linked dominant…
Q: The carbohydrates (CHOs), with a general formula of (CH₂O)n, are rich in hydroxyl groups. This…
A: Carbohydrates are the most abundant of all biomolecules present on the earth. Likewise, they play a…
Q: The initial rate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has been determined at a number of substrate…
A: MM plot is Michaelis Menten plot which is constructed by taking Substrate concentration on X axis…
Q: which one is forward primer and which one is reverse primer
A: In order to make multiple copies of a double stranded DNA, two primer molecules are required; the…
Q: How many FADH2 and NADH molecules are produced, respectively, after 6 "turns" of the B-oxidation…
A: We know that, oxidation is a metabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down to…
Q: Question 1 In DNA, with which base does guanine pair? O another guanine O cytosine O thymine O…
A: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the…
Q: 7). You analyze a biosynthetic pathway in an unknown strain of bacteria. Given the following data…
A: 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) is used by bacteria as the starting material to synthesize serine. From…
Q: 3) Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are zinc-dependent enzymes that catalyse the conversion of…
A: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) converts acetyllysine to lysine by removing acetyl group from lysine. The…
Q: Which statement best describes the principle behind the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) assay used in…
A: The question is asking for the best description of the principle behind the succinate dehydrogenase…
Q: 8. Use carbon oxidation number to help balance the following reaction with NADH and NAD. Clearly…
A: To balance the reaction with NADH and NAD, we make sure that the number of electrons transferred is…
Q: The steady-state kinetics of an enzyme are studied in the absence and presence of an inhibitor B…
A: In order to find what type of inhibitor 'B' is and to find the apparent Vmax & KM values, we…
Q: 1.3 pH-Dependent Change of Conformation of Poly-L-glutamic Acid A synthetic polypeptide made up of…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules- nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and…
Q: The chromatogram shows fluorescent peak data from a dye-terminating nucleotide-sequencing reaction.…
A: In 1977, Frederick Sanger and his colleagues developed a method for sequencing DNA, which was later…
Q: The oxidation of malate by NAD to form oxaloacetate is a highly endergonic reaction under standard…
A: Standards free energy change calculated at biochemical standards is called biochemical standard free…
Q: odd-chain fatty acids are metabolized down. propionyl-CoA (a 3 Carbon unit). This is converted in…
A: A biological fuel (like a fatty acid) is said to undergo complete oxidation when all its carbon…
Q: A synthetic polypeptid made up of L-glutamic acid residues is in a random coil configuration at pH…
A: Hydrophobic effect: non-polar side groups that do not ionize interact with other non-polar side…
Q: Consider the enzyme-catalyzed reaction with Vmax 164 (umol/L)min¹ and KM = 32 μmol/L. Part A If the…
A: Kcat is the catalytic efficiency or turnover number of an enzyme It is equal to number of substrate…
Q: Select the AA residues that are lipid-facing, according to the figure below. a N15 L21 D S16 V25 L18…
A: Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic nature of amino acidHydrophilic or hydrophobic nature is imparted by…
Q: One of the reasons for oxidizing the disulfide bonds in RNase A before removing the urea in the…
A: In the Anfinsen experiment, Christian Anfinsen aimed to investigate the relationship between the…
Q: What would be the effect of the Glucagon initiated cascade on inhibition of ATP Synthase by IF1?…
A: The objective of the question is to understand the effect of the glucagon initiated cascade on the…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
- According to Paul Boyer, the mechanism of ATP synthesis involves the rotation of the y subunit which in turn causes sequential conformation changes in the aß assemblies. Explain the steps of ATP synthesis according to this mechanism.Back in 1962, Gerhart and Pardee developed a model for the regulation of the activity of the ATCase enzyme by CTP and ATP, using the pathway given in Figure 1. Describe that model, using information presented here as well as what you have learned about allosteric enzymes. Be sure to include a sentence explaining the physiological significance of your model.Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase in the first step of the glycolytic pathway to trap it in the cell, as G6P cannot diffuse across the lipid bilayer. This reaction also decreases the concentration of free glucose, favoring additional import of the molecule. However, this has a postive standard free energy of 3 kcal per mole. To favor this reaction, hydrolysis of ATP is coupled, which has a standard free energy of -7 kcal per mole. Determine the actual free energy change in kcal/mole for the following conditions: Glucose concentration: 4.5 mM ATP conc: 3.79 mM G6P conc. 0.052 mM ADP conc: 0.12 mM inorganic phosphate conc: 1.3 mM temperature: 313 K Ans. in 3 SFs.
- Based on your knowiedge of oxidative phosphorylation, answer the following questions: a) Suppose you synthesize an ATP synthase that was devoid of the y (gamma) subunit. How would the catalytic sites of the B subunits of such an enzyme compare to one another? Why? What if only the c-terminus of the y subunit is missing?Sonicating a suspension of mitochondria produces submitochondrial particles derived from the innermitochondrial membrane. These membranous vesicles seal inside out, so that the intermembrane space of themitochondria becomes the lumen of the submitochondrial particle. Explain (or diagram) the process of electrontransfer and oxidative phosphorylation in these particles. Assuming all the substrates for oxidativephosphorylation are present in excess, does ATP synthesis increase or decrease with an increase in the pH ofthe fluid in which the submitochondrial particles are suspended? Why?Two biochemistry students are about to usemitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specifyaddition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reactionmixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does thesource not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?
- The following diagram shows reaction curves for aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) with carbamoylphosphate and different concentrations of aspartate, in the absence of ATP (curve 1) and presence of ATP (curve 2). What do the shapes of the curves tell us about the ATCase enzyme? 2 جر [aspartate] It binds substrate through a sequential mechanism. It binds substte cooperatively. It obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It binds substrate through a concerted mechanism.The following diagram shows the biosynthesis of B12 coenzymes, starting with the vitamin. DMB is dimethylbenzimidazole. CH, OH OH - DMB 2e (8 Coa+ он он A -DMB DMB CH, Åderine АТР P + PP, -DMB (a) What one additional substrate or cofactor is required by enzyme B? (b) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme Cwould result in excessive urinary excretion of what compound? (c) Some forms of the condition described in (b) can be successfully treated by injection of rather massive doses of vitamin B12. What kind of genetic alteration in the enzyme would be consistent with this result? (d) Genetic deficiency in animals of ezyme B will result in excessive uri- nary excretion ofwhat amino acid?Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms carry out some form of glycolysis. How does ha fact support or not support the assertion that glycolysis is one of the oldest metabolic pathways?
- Explain why some of the molecules are positioned away from the diagonal in the graph given below. What kind of processes are involved in this phenomenon? Moreover, explain differences and similarities between H-ATPases and H-PPases.Lactic acid is a biproduct formed at the end of anaerobic respiration. This molecule is dangerous to cells of the body if it builds up too much.Despite this, the formation of lactic acid is very important. Explain why the process of anaerobic respiration is so important (providing reference to glycolysis, the role of coenzymes, and ATP formation). The answer should show in detail the stages of all the steps of anaerobic respiration with detail of location, key products etc.In another key reaction in glycolysis, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)is isomerized into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP): Because ΔG°′ is positive, the equilibrium lies to the left.(a) Calculate the equilibrium constant and the equilibrium fraction of GAPfrom the above, at 37 °C.(b) In the cell, depletion of GAP makes the reaction proceed. What will ΔGbe if the concentration of GAP is always kept at 1/100 of the concentrationof DHAP?