RESPIRATION 1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? . Where is cellular respiration performed inside of eukaryotic cells? . What are the three major steps of cellular respiration?
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- Localization of Molecules and Functions Within the Mitochondrion. Indicate whether you would expect to find each of the following molecules or functions in the matrix (MA), the inner membrane (IM), the outer membrane (OM), the intermembrane space (IS), or not in the mitochondrion at all (NO). Write abbreviation in front of the molecules. No explanation is required. Succinate dehydrogenase Coenzyme A Conversion of lactate into pyruvate ATP synthase Malate dehydrogenase Pyruvate Citrate synthase Cristae Accumulation of a high proton concentration Pyruvate dehydrogenaseTransport. Provided below is an abstracted equation describing an active cell membrane transport from outside the cell to the cytoplasm, involving a membrane carrier (Cmemb), a substrate (Sin) (growth factor etc.) to be carried and released (Sout) into the cytoplasm. a) What kind of feedback mechanism is restricting this process? b) Construct a Forrester Diagram Membrane Transport Carrier, C:C, +S. memb k₁ k_₁ C memb memb + S out Solid Lines. There are two applications in the construction of Forrester diagrams where solid lines can be used to connect state variables. Please name them: a) b). Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of the following balanced equations? 6CO2 + 12H2S g C6H12O6 + 6S2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O g 6CO2 + 12H2O C12H22O11 + H2O g C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 12H2O g C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 g C12H22O11 + H2O
- Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The rough endoplasmic reticulum ______. Options: A) is the only site of protein synthesis in the cell. B) is a site where glycosylation of proteins takes place. C) is a site where cisternal maturation takes place. D) is a location where glutamate carboxylation of proteins take place. E) has a channel through its membrane called Sec61.a. Cellular respiration is an energy releasing enzymatically controlled catabolic process which evolves a stepwise oxidative breakdown of organic substances inside living cells. Describe the steps involved in cellular respiration when oxygen is and is not available. In your answer, state the inputs and outputs of yeast cell respiration with and without oxygen. In the yeast respiration experiment, we saw that yeast were able to use sucrose (table sugar) for respiration, but not sucralose (the active ingredient in Splenda). b. b. Explain what these results indicate about how the specific structure of an enzyme affects its function. In your answer, make sure to include the term “active site.” c. c. Explain how you think the results may have differed if the fermentation tubes had been placed in a refrigerator (~4 degrees Celsius) over the duration of the experiment, instead of an incubator set to 40 degrees Celsius, and why. In the photosynthesis experiment with spinach,…ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: Draw the final location of the following proteins after being translocated. • Label the organelle (as well as the organelle parts/compartments) and the cytosol (if necessary) in order to clearly depict the protein's location and orientation. • Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the protein. Below your drawing, indicate: a. the receptor/s b. the energy source c. if there is signal peptide cleavage or none A. Peroxisome: Class I PMP H₂N- ITS* *Internal targeting sequence -COOH
- ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: Draw the final location of the following proteins after being translocated. Label the organelle (as well as the organelle parts/compartments) and the cytosol (if necessary) in order to clearly depict the protein's location and orientation. Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the protein. • Below your drawing, indicate: a. the receptor/s b. the energy source c. if there is signal peptide cleavage or none A. Mitochondrion H₂N- MTS ITS* *Internal targeting sequence that has no cleavage site -COOHPlease help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. Clathrin _________. Options: A) binds to COP3 to send proteins to the mitochondria B) has three heavy chains and three light chains C) is involved in docking vesicles to the target membrane D) is a vesicle coating protein E) has a triskelion shapeOr. Foyez Samar The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger the c corresponding volume in animal cells. The most regsengble explanation for this observation Is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cens. C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 12 A u
- DG1: The F₁F - ATP synthase is a molecular machine that converts the proton motive force into enzymatic activity. a. Discuss the assembly of the F, subunit and describe the role each component plays in the function of the ATP synthase complex. b. Describe the proton path that results in rotation within the F₁F-ATP synthase. c. Explain how the F subunit contributes to the binding change mechanism.Cells and Membranes b. Give two examples of molecules that require energy to pass through cell membranes, why do they need energy to do so?Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.