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True or False
a.) Evolution creates
b.) Fitness refers to an allele's ability to help the organism evade predators.
c.) The process of natural selection may increase or decrease the frequency of a particular allele in the population depending on the environment.
d.) A potato species acquires a mutation in its catalasegene that allows it to function in very cold environments. However, this catalaseis denatured at room temperature. This is a good example of fitness cost.
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- 2) If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment, what do you expect to happen? XA) Rabbits will continue to get lighter over time. There is no way to predict because mutations are random. B) edator 9) D) Mutations will all die out leaving only the original fur color. Dark gray fur will become the common phenotype because it favors survival.4)Genotype is a)DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized b)An observable trait (or traits) of an organism c)DNA that provides instructions for building a protein d)DNA of no known function e)The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits) f)DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA moleculesIn evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its 1. a) population rate changes due to environmental pressures 2. b) contribution to the gene pool of the next generation 3. c) rate of genetic variability across mitotically changing exons 4. d) mutation rate due to genetic drift 5. e) all of the above
- 10) Two processes that take place within a cell are shown here. Which of these statements correctly identify the processes and their outcomes? Select ALL that apply. A) Both processes increase genetic variation. B) Both processes can produce new phenotypes in an organism. C) Process II occurs randomly while process I is predictable. D) Process I is beneficial to the organism while process II is detrimental. E) Only process I can provide the basis for natural selection acting on phenotypes. Not GradedA mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. All BUT ONE of the statements below correctly describes or explains genetic mutations. A) Mutation can disrupt normal cell activity and cause diseases, like cancer. B) Mutations in parents' cells are then passed down to offspring via reproduction. C) Our cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it permanent. D) Mutations can occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, toxins and radiation.What is genetic flow? A) Genes changing due to mutation B) Random loss of genes in a small population C) Movement of genes between different populations
- A mutation results in an enzyme that is partially active compared to the wild -type allele. This type of "leaky" mutation is classified as ________. A) null/ amorphic B)hypomorphic C) hypermorphic D) neomorphic E) dominant negative(6) Which of the following descriptions regarding human genetic variations is correct? A) Unlike rare variants, common variants have a frequency >5% and usually indicate low penetrance risk loci. B) Copy number variations frequently lead to decrease in gene expression. C) Both linkage analysis and association studies identify causal risk genetic variants. D) SNP is a common form of structural variation.If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment, what do you expect to happen? A) rabbits will continue to get lighter over time B) there is no way to predict because mutations are random C) mutations will all die out leaving only the original fur color D) dark gray fur will become the common phenotype because it favors survival
- 7) The same basic internal organs (kidneys, stomach, heart, and lungs) are found in frogs, birds, snakes, and rodents. This is primarily an example of A) structural homology B) developmental homology C) genetic correlation D) inheritance of acquired characteristics 8) A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened? A) The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine. B) Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species. C) Triazine-resistant pigweed has less efficient photosynthesis metabolism. D) Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce. 9) After the drought of 1977, researchers hypothesized that on the Galápagos island Daphne Major, medium ground finches with…In DNA-DNA Hybridization, sequences from two separate organisms that show partial hybridization suggest _______. a) They are related b) suggest they are not related c)suggest that they are the same organism8)Gene is a)The genetic composition that underlies a trait (or traits) b)DNA that controls when and where proteins are synthesized c)DNA of no known function d)DNA that provides instructions for building a protein e)DNA that provides the instructions for synthesizing various types of small RNA molecules f)An observable trait (or traits) of an organism