Two firms that make different but similar products compete, with demands of D1(P1, P2) = 72 - 2P1 + P2 and D2(P1, P2- 82 -3P2 + 2P1. Their marginal costs are constant: MC1 - 2 and MC2 = 4. In the Bertrand equilibrium outcome, Firm 1 %3D would charge P1 = , and Firm 2 would charge P2 = If Firm 1 to acquire Firm 2, it would charge P1 and Firm 2 would charge P2 = (Please enter all answers rounded to whole numbers, without commas or decimals.)
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- (5) For each situation, solve for the Bertrand-Nash Equilibrium (differentiated Product). 5a) Suppose Sarah's constant marginal cost is $5 but Joe's is $8 Recall that in a Bertrand model with differentiated product, each supplier faces his/her own demand: Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 100 – 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe 5b) Suppose Joe and Sarah have the same cost functions as earlier (constant MC of $5) but asymmetric demand functions Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 160 - 10 Psarah + 5 PjoeThe inverse market demand for fax paper is given by P=100-Q. There are two firms who produce fax paper. Firm 1 has a cost of production of C1= 15*Q1 and firm 2 has a cost of production of C2=20*Q2 a) Suppose that firm play a Stackelberg game. First firm 1 sets the quantity in t=1, then, knowing which quantityfirm 1 has set, firm 2 chooses the quantity in t=2. What are the Stackelberg quantities and prices? What arethe profits od firm 1 and 2? Compared to part a) which firm benefits and which firm loses?1. The market (inverse) demand function for a homogeneous good is P(Q) = 10 - Q. There are two firms: firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 2 for producing each unit of the good, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 1. The two firms compete by setting their quantities of production, and the price of the good is determined by the market demand function given the total quantity. a. Calculate the Nash equilibrium in this game and the corresponding market price when firms simultaneously choose quantities. b. Now suppose firml moves earlier than firm 2 and firm 2 observes firm 1 quantity choice before choosing its quantity find optimal choices of firm 1 and firm 2.
- Two countries produce oil. The per unit production cost of Country 1 is C1 = $2 and of country 2 it is C2 = $4. The total demand for oil is Q = 40-p where p is the market price of a unit of oil. Each country can only produce either 5 units, 10 units or 15 units. The total production of the two countries in a Nash equilibrium is 10 15 20 25 30Two firms are competing in a Bertrand setting. The demand and costs equations are: Q1 = 88–4P1+2P2, Q2 = 88–4P2+2P1; MC1 = 9; and MC2 = 10. Instructions: Use no decimals. Do not round values if used for other calculations. d. Profits Firm 1 = $ and profits Firm 2 = $ e. If Firm 1 instead produces P1 = 16, the optimal P2 = . f. When one of the firms set a P < P-Duopoly, the best strategy for the other firm is to set: A. a P-BRF, and continue with this strategy afterward with the risk of economic profits = 0. B. a P-BRF, and after this one time, then continue with P-Duopoly. C. a P > P-Duopoly from now on, until the market reaches P-Monopoly. D. also P < P-Duopoly one time, then set P-Monopoly.Two companies are the only Snowplow merchants in a small town. Inverse market demand curve is P 100- 10Q, where Q=ql + q2 (Firm l's output =q1; Firm 2's output = q2). Each firm has marginal costs of $25. In the Nash equilibrium in this market, the market price is $ O 50 O 40 25 60
- QUESTION 13 Consider a market where two firms (1 and 2) produce differentiated goods and compete in prices. The demand for firm 1 is given by D₁(P₁, P2) = 140 - 2p1 + P2 and demand for firm 2's product is D2 (P1, P2) 140 - 2p2 + P1 Both firms have a constant marginal cost of 20. What is the Nash equilibrium price of firm 1? (Only give a full number; if necessary, round to the lower integer; no dollar sign.)consider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Now consider a modified game, which goes as follows: First, Firm 1 decides whether to enter the market or not. As in the previous question, there is no fixed cost, even if the firm decides to enter. Next, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s entry choice and decides whether to enter or not.Firm 2 has no fixed cost as well. If no firm enters, the game ends. If only one firm enters, that firm chooses quantity, operating as a monopolist. If both firms enter, then Firm 1 chooses quantity q1. Then, Firm 2 observes Firm 1’s choice of q1 and then chooses q2 (like in the previous question). If a firm does not enter, it gets a payoff of zero. Which of the following statements is consistent with the SPNE of this game? Hint: you don’t need complicated math to solve this problem.(a) Neither firm…Consider two ice cream sellers competing at a beach that is 1000 metres long. Ice cream prices are fixed by the ice cream company, but companies can choose their locations simultaneously. Customers are located uniformly (spread out evenly on the beach) and do not like walking. The cost of walking every metre is the same (i.e. linear cost). a) Suppose there are three ice cream sellers that locate simultaneously. Find the Nash equilibrium is there is one. Else, explain why there is none. (Focus on pure strategy Nash equilibria)
- = and TCB (QB): PROBLEM (4) Firm A and Firm B with identical total costs TCA (QA) 4 related goods and competing in prices (Bertrand competition), with demands: QA=510-2PA+ pв and Qв=510 - 2pB+ PA, respectively. = are producing (a) Calculate the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Calculate the prices they charge when A is the leader and sets its price first, anticipating B's best response and taking it into account (like in Stackelberg competition). (c) Calculate the prices they charge when they collude, in order to maximize sum of their profits.Exercise 6.7. Suppose two identical companies produce wood stoves and they are the only ones on the market. Its costs are given by: C1 (q1 )=200q1 and C2 (q2) = 200q2. And the inverse market demand curve is: P=2000-2Q, where Q =q1 + q2 Get the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Calculate the profits of each company. Show graphically. Suppose that the two companies form a cartel to maximize joint profits. How many stoves will you produce? Calculate the profits of each company. Represent graphically. Managers now note that explicit agreements to collude are illegal. Each company must decide on its own whether to produce the amount of Cournot or that of the cartel.Two firms produce the samecommodity, both with zero cost. The demand for this commodity is D(P) = 100−P.The two firms can each produce at most 50 units. They compete on price andrationing is efficient: if pi < pj then the demand that j faces is Dj(p) = D(pj) − qi,where qi is the quantity supplied by firm i. That is, the lower price firm gets to sellfirst. Is the price list p = (p1, p2) = (0, 0) a Nash equilibrium? Prove your assertion.