Unit #5: Ecology and Evolution World’s average ecological footprint = 2.84 gha/person (world total: 20.1 billion gha used/year) World’s biocapacity = 1.73 gha/person (12.2 billion in total) What does this mean? Under what circumstances might investigators choose to do one type of analysis versus the other (mtDNA vs. Y chromosome DNA)?
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- The 2020s have been rough to say the least, and the world is desperately in need of some good news. Nay, not just good news, we need a hero. Enter DiegoLinks to an external site., who fathered 800 offspring to save his species (the Española Galapagos tortoise). The population now sits at 2,000 tortoises and Diego is going home. As we saw last week, population size is important. Ideally, this means you started with a lot of genetically diverse founders, but of course that isn’t always the case. In the case of the Española Galapagos tortoises it was 12 females and 2 males. So, often you have to grow your population to stabilize it and ensure there isn’t an unacceptable loss of genetic diversity over time, even if that genetic diversity is low. If you think back to the math from last week and do a little not so fancy algebra, you can see that genetic deterioration occurs at a rate that is the inverse of genetic retention, which you probably remember is 1- (1/2Ne) The above…The biodiversity of the planet is rapidly being depleted. Scientists' efforts to monitor and protect biodiversity are being aided by a slew of new technologies and the volunteer work of ordinary citizens. To help scientists in their conservation work, new technologies have been developed. For example, Footprint identification technique (FIT) uses photo digitization to identify the footprints of large cats and other mammals, which will allow collection of data about these animals in a noninvasive manner. Other noninvasive data collection techniques include vocalization identification, drones, DNA analysis, and camera-trapping. Apps such as eBird and iNaturalist allow amateurs to record their observations in open-access online databases for further analysis. Smartphones and drones could be useful in collecting data to prevent poaching, although such technologies are in their infancy and still not widely available in developing countries. Remote sensing could be used to monitor changes in…Find the flaws! Biological systems ore organized into organisms, followed by communities, populations, ecosystems, and biospheres. A survivorship curve is a graph of the number of individuals surviving at each age interval versus time. In a type I curve, early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. In a type II curve mortality is equally likely to occur at any point in the life span. In a type III curve, mortality is low in the early on and occurs mostly in older individuals. Predation is when individuals of one population (predators) that kill and then consume the individuals of another population (prey). Herbivory is when animals consume living plant tissue. Competition is when two organisms fight over the same resource. Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit. Parasitism is a…
- Biodiversity is the variety and variability of living organisms In this sentence what do the variety and and variability stand for 1-Changes and consistency 2-choices and changes 3- assortment and levelsFind the flaws! Biodiversity occurs in patterns across the globe. Generally speaking, biodiversity increases as you move away from the equator. Initially, biodiversity increases with elevation. Then, after a certain point, biodiversity decreases. This causes a “diversity bulge” at middle elevations. Threats to biodiversity include habitat loss, overharvesting, the introduction of exotic species, and climate change. Features of an invasive species include fast growth, rapid reproduction, high dispersal ability, the ability to alter growth form to suit current conditions, tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions, and the ability to live off of specific food types (specialist). Technological innovations can help address many environmental concerns. By “going digital”, companies send bills and other communications over email instead than regular mail. This uses more paper and increases our dependence on trees. Radio-telemetry and GPS devices can be attached to animals to track…Three scientific principles of sustainability of life on this planet are dependence on solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling. True False
- help me out with an essay! please and thank you. Write your 1-2 page argument as to how the changes in the environment affected the ecosystem atYellowstone. Make sure you include the following components:-Stating your claim-Citing your evidence-justifying your argumentYour paper should also address the counter question you developed.*in addressing your own counter question, you can decide to cite your evidence and reasoning thatsupports the claim that the wolf population has still made an impact, has not made an impact, or that it isinconclusive. Be clear about stating whether you agree, disagree, or need more evidence to decide.Mimicry occured in nature as species tahe advantageous characteristics from other species to help them survive. As humans, we have also taken this idea of biomimicry and used nature as a design inspiration to sustainably solve human problems. some examples include: whale fins as wind turbines, shark skin materials for marine vessels and swimwear, burrs stick to animals and velcro, water collecting beetles and environmental application. Questions 1. Identify a real world challenge and think about potential designs to solve or help with this challenge. 2. research nature's models - what biomimicry can we see in nature for this challenge? 3. describe a model that could aid in the real world issue and have potential sustainable application.01:57:08 A wildlife biologist is studying the factors that influence the reproductive success of the lions that inhabit the shrublands of the Serengeti and their prey, zebras. The biologist will study how these species interact with each other, as well as how physical factors (e.g., temperature, water availability) may affect the reproductive success of lions and zebras. Which level of ecological organization is the biologist studying? Community Biosphere Ecosystem Population
- Draw a community. It is ok if you need to make educated guesses about some of the direct interactions, but these should be plausible. The following are minimum requirements for your community: 1) At least 5 different species, include common names and scientific names for each species. 2) For each species give a brief description of its role (i.e. what are its direct interactions) 2) At least 3 different types of direct interactions (e.g., mutualism, interference competition, commensalism etc). All direct interactions shown with a solid arrow. 4) At least 3 different types of indirect interactions depicted (i.e. top down trophic cascade, bottom up trophic cascade, apparent competition, exploitative competition). All indirect interactions shown with a dashed arrow. 5) All arrows labeled with a + (positive), - (negative), and 0 (neutral) indication. Do not include ALL possible interactions as it will be too cluttered. Just include the interactions necessary to fulfill the requirements…QUESTION 2 What traits are used to place organisms into Linnaeus's Taxonomy? anatomical features, the fossil record, reproductive habits, genetic data. appearance, behavior, size, color. geographical location, number of individuals in the population, food source, behavior. habitat, ecosystem, climate, geology.Q4. Figurative Analysis. Choose one correct answer to analyze the figure. O Organisms interact with one another in an ecological relationship called co-evolution. Bird, bee, bat and plants are related phylogenetically. A mutual evolutionary influence of the two species affected the organism's interactions to the environment. Plants are always visited by some animals like bee, bird and bat. The flowers are very attractive to these animals as source of food. Animals in return help the plants to survive. The pattern of evolution can be traced in co-evolution. The two species are closely related having the same ancestor which interact harmoniously in a symbiotic relationship. Animals like bee, bird or bat visits their favorite flowers to say 'hello'. In response, the flower welcome them, provide food which the visitor likes most. The interaction benefits both. Co-evolution is a process which involves two species of different ancestors. The two species respond to changes that exerted an…