We study neurons as an example of cell signaling because neurons do not typically have genetic responses due to cell signaling. they give very obvious responses without need of molecular mechanisms. they are quite complex and give us the full range of cell responses. no other cell gives very obvious responses.
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We study neurons as an example of cell signaling because
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neurons do not typically have genetic responses due to cell signaling. |
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they give very obvious responses without need of molecular mechanisms. |
|
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they are quite complex and give us the full range of cell responses. |
|
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no other cell gives very obvious responses. |
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- You can choose one or more than one option Gap junctions in animal cells permit: Adjacent cells to adhere strongly to each other Adjacent cells to communicate. Adjacent cells to form a water-tight (occlusive) barrier between their membranes. Second messengers produced in one cell to rapidly diffuse into and stimulate events in surrounding cells. The rapid exchange of proteins such as histones between adjacent cellsSecond messengers are needed because: Most ligands cannot enter the cell so they help transmit messages to the cell interior They speed up the rate at which cells respond to signals They catalyze transcription and translation They provide energy for signal transductionWhich of the following can be correctly applied to gap junctions? Select all that apply Allows small molecules and ions to travel between cells They are membrane channels that allow communication between neighboring cells O Prevents cells from separating from one another O They behave as gated ion channels
- Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas. Even though it circulates throughout the bloodstream, it affects only certain cells and tissue. This data would suggest that insulin degrades before reaching all cells/tissues only cells with specific cell-surface receptors will respond only cells that contain a specific DNA sequence will respond insulin is not transported to every part of the bodyThe step(s) involved in cell signaling are: Signaling cell synthesizes and secretes a signaling molecule The signaling molecule binds to a receptor of the target cell O Extracellular signal is converted into O intracellular signal followed by the response All of the aboveMatch the below types of cell communication with the appropriate descriptions Small hydrophobic proteins travel through the endocrine glands and cross to plasma membrane to directly effect gene transcription [ Choose ] [Choose ] contact-dependant Endocrine Paracrine Electrical signals which can be converted to chemical signals are synaptic junctions Neuronal Cell-surface receptors interact with neighboring cell [ Choose ] signaling molecules are excreted by the cell to a local region to influence a tissues behaviour [ Choose ]
- A cell releases a ligand that travels through the extracellular matrix to a nearby target cell. There, the ligand binds to a receptor on the target cells membrane. This is an example of _______ signaling using a _______ ligand. paracrine ; hydrophobic paracrine ; hydrophillic endocrine ; hydrophobic endocrine ; hydrophillic autocrine ; hydrophobic autocrine ; hydrophillicA rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration causes muscle cells to contract. in addition to an ATP- driven Ca2+ pump, muscle cells that contract quickly and regularly, such as those of the heart, have an additional type of Ca2+ pump—an antiport that exchanges Ca2+ for extracellular Na+ across the plasma membrane. The majority of the Ca2+ ions that have entered the cell during contraction are rapidly pumped back out of the cell by this antiport, thus allowing the cell to relax. ouabain and digitalis are used for treating patients with heart disease because they make heart muscle cells contract more strongly. both drugs function by partially inhibiting the Na+ pump in the plasma membrane of these cells. can you propose an explanation for the effects of the drugs in the patients? What will happen if too much of either drug is taken?A cell is actively undergoing cell signaling. Random cytoplasm samples are taken at 10 ms intervals and their contents have all proteins inactivated. The samples are stained for phosphates attached to proteins. What pattern would you observe? Proteins maintain their phosphates throughout all of the samples There is a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation that occurs at regular intervals Proteins maintain a lack of phosphates throughout all of the samples Proteins start off being phosphorylated and then lose the phosphates
- In terms of cell communication, compare and contrast the action of hydrophilic versus hydrophobic ligands (signaling molecules). What type of receptor is used by these ligands? How does each type of ligand influence cell activity?Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas. This is due to its quick activation of specific signaling pathways in cells of our body. Since this is a gas, it most likely uses.... Select one: a. A transmembrane cell surface receptor since it cannot pass through cell membranes b. A voltage-gated ion channel receptor since it creates a charge when crossing the cell membrane c. An intracellular receptor since it can easily diffuse across a membraneThis type of ion channel allows K+ ions to flow into or out of a cell down its concentration gradient. voltage-gated ligand-gated Leak Na+/K+ ATP pump