Why are compounds such as glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate, pyruvate, and acetyl-CoA so important in metabolism?
Q: How is succinate dehydrogenase unique compared with the other enzymes in the citric acid cycle?
A: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is also known as the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle. It…
Q: After several days of starvation, the capacity of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…
A: The citric acid cycle is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron…
Q: Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation
A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the Krebs cycle. It is a…
Q: What are the steps involved (in order) in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
A: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and acetyl CoA is…
Q: How might the level of HMG-CoA reductase activity be altered by the enzyme deficiency?
A: CHOLESTEROL is important in eukaryotic cell membranes. It is also a precursor of steroid hormones,…
Q: Which of the following is a key molecule that functions as oxidation end product in the catabolism,…
A: Fatty acids undergo a catabolic process known as a beta-oxidation pathway in order t generate energy…
Q: How many molecules of NADH and FADH2 are obtained from the b-oxidation of one molecule of a…
A: Beta oxidation is the oxidation of fatty acid at beta carbon. It involves three stages: Activation…
Q: Although both acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA are high-energy thioesters, their chemical energy is used…
A: A tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, commonly known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle, is the primary…
Q: What do you mean by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
A: The term ‘Enzyme’ stands for the biochemical messengers present in the body. These secreted from…
Q: Why is pyruvate not oxidized to CO2 and H2O underanaerobic conditions?
A: Cellular respiration occurs in 3 stages namely pyruvate oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and…
Q: what is the metabolic reaction of propinoyl CoA carboxylase?
A: Propinoyl CoA carboxylase is an enzyme responsible for carboxylation reaction. Propinoyl CoA is…
Q: Is it possible to convert fatty acids to other lipids without acyl-CoA intermediates?
A: Fatty acids are building blocks of lipids. They combine with alcohol to form simple fats, such as…
Q: What is the basic process of β-oxidation? What happens to the resulting acetyl-CoA groups?
A: β-oxidation is the metabolic pathway that help to generate energy
Q: what is the function of Pyruvate carboxylase, Alcohol dehydrogenase
A: Introduction: The major source of energy for all the living cells on this planet is carbohydrates.…
Q: Acetyl-CoA is directly made from which organic molecule?
A: Acetyl-CoA (Coenzyme A) is a 2-carbon organic compound that enters unto citric acid cycle in the…
Q: How is pyruvate modified before entering the citric acid cycle?
A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis which is a breakdown pathway of a glucose molecule to…
Q: What is the function of NAD+ in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
A: Pyruvate is formed from glycolysis. This pyruvate gets converted to acetyl CoA by oxidative…
Q: To which class does each enzyme belong? Explain hexokinase alanine aminotransferase alcohol…
A: The International Union of Biochemists (IUB) classifies enzymes into six functional classes based on…
Q: what is the inhibitor of Acetyl-Co
A: Fatty acid metabolism includes Fatty acid biosynthesis (an anabolic process) and β- oxidation of…
Q: difference between an acetyl CoA molecule and an acyl CoA molecule?
A: Acetyl CoA and Acyl CoA are the type of Coenzyme A which acts as a cofactor. Coenzyme A is…
Q: What is the significance of acetyl-CoA as a "strategic intermediate" in respiration?
A: The Krebs cycle is a metabolic mechanism that aids in the conversion of the pyruvate molecule to…
Q: How does pyruvate carboxylase deficiency result in lactic aciduria, an illness in which lactate…
A: Glucose metabolism is regulated by hormones and feedback system.
Q: What reaction brings acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle?
A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is a combination of 8…
Q: Why is acetyl-CoA considered the central molecule of metabolism?
A: Metabolism is the term used to describe set of chemical reactions that are involved in the living…
Q: If acyetal-CoA dehydrogenase was unavailable, malonyl-CoA could not be made from aceytal-CoA. That…
A: There is no enzyme called acyetal CoA dehydrogenase or acetyl CoA dehydrogenase. The enzyme that…
Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the conversion of acetyl-CoA (2 C) to malonyl- COA (3 C)?…
A: Acetyl CoA (2C) conversion to Malonyl CoA (3C) is the first step of fatty acid synthesis.
Q: How Is Pyruvate Oxidatively Decarboxylatedto Acetyl-CoA
A: Oxidative decarboxylation is a process in which carbon dioxide is produced through removal of a…
Q: What are the similarities and differences between the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Introduction Respiration is a metabolic process involving the oxidation of organic compounds to form…
Q: Why is the citric acid cycle the most efficient way to oxidise Acetyl CoA?
A: The citric acid cycle (CAC), also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Krebs…
Q: What is the role of HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol and isoprenoid synthesis?
A: HMG-CoA reductase is the rate controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, the metabolic pathway…
Q: How many molecules of acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in the catabolism of a molecule of…
A: Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid contained in the phospholipids of the body's cell…
Q: Malate synthase, an enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, catalyzes the condensa- tion of glyoxylate with…
A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…
Q: What is the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase and what are its products?
A: Introduction:- Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate and a…
Q: What enzyme is the point of regulation for fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasm? Fatty acid…
A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…
Q: How does pyruvate from glycolysis get to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : It is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into…
Q: How does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction control the citric acid cycle?
A: The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This…
Q: How many times does stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH) spiral through the β@oxidation pathway to produce…
A: steric acid is a saturated fatty acid that was obtained from vegetative fats and also from animals.…
Q: What does Succinyl coa By-products in krebs cycle?
A: Kreb cycle is a process in which a series of chemical reactions takes place in order to release the…
Q: How does Pyruvate dehydrogenase contribute to metabolism?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHs) describes a cornerstone in the metabolismof cellular energy that links…
Q: Why are animal fats sometimes called “the king of fuels”? What is the significance of acetyl-CoA to…
A: The building blocks of the living system is the biomolecules. The biomolecules serve as the…
Q: Why is acetyl-CoA considered a “strategic intermediate” in respiration?
A: Respiration is the process of oxidation of nutrients to retrieve the energy stored in them.
Q: The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is derived from the breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and certain…
A: Acetyl Co A is a two carbon intermediate produced by the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.…
Q: Explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation) metabolism in terms of…
A: It is asked to explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation)…
Q: Which molecule stimulates the activity of the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme? Is it ADP, CO2, ATP or…
A: Acetyl Co A stimulates the activity of the pyruvate carboxylase enzyme.It is the major regulator of…
Q: what are the components of Pyruvate dehydrogenase Enzyme complex ?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase Enzyme complex is made up of three Enzymes and requires 5 coenzymes .
Q: How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from a 20-carbon chain free fatty acid?
A: A balanced diet is the prerequisite of all human beings to sustain life. A balanced diet contains…
Q: What reactions convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate?
A: Introduction: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate In a series of steps that produce…
Q: What is the metabolic importance of malonyl-CoA?
A: Introduction: Malonyl-CoA is a malonic acid coenzyme A derivative. In the production of fatty acids…
Q: Does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex have coenzymes and Allosteric regulation?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a three-enzyme complex that decarboxylates pyruvate into…
Q: What is the purpose of converting citrate to isocitrate in the Citric Acid Cycle?
A: Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. This cycle takes…
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- What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are converted to succinyl CoA? alpha-ketoglutarate glyceraldehyde phosphate oxaloacetate . propionylCoA isovalerateWhat is the normal fate of citrate formed by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate?What is the final fate of the carbons in acetyl-CoA after several turns of the citric acid cycle?
- To begin the TCA cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme complex of pyruvate dehydrogenase. This complex requires 5 different coenzymes to function properly. What are they?In this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartateIf we label the two carbons composing the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 14C, a radioactive isotope of carbon, and this labeled acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle, then which CO2 released by one turn of the TCA cycle will be labeled? 1) Both. 2) Only the CO2 released by the oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate. 3) Only the CO2 released by the oxidation of isocitrate. 4) Neither.
- How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from a 20-carbon chain free fatty acid?Oxaloacetate can be directly converted to [PEP/glucose/citrate/malate] in the process of gluconeogenesis. Oxaloacetate can be directly converted to [PEP/glucose/citrate/ malate] upon condensation with acetyl-CoA. Oxaloacetate can be directly converted to [PEP/glucose/citrate/malate] by a reversible enzyme in the citric acid cycle. Oxaloacetate, via many enzymes, is an important source of [PEP/glucose/citrate/malate] in the liver for tissues that rely on carbohydrates for the fuel source. help fill in the blanksAlthough glucose cannot be formed from acetyl-CoA, triglycerides can enter the glycolytic pathway via which process? O Acetyl-CoA → oxaloacetate → phosphoenolpyruvate O Palmitoyl-CoAB- ketoacyl-CoA → a-ketoglutarate O Glycerol → DHAP Acyl-CoA glucose