The Solar System
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337672252
Author: The Solar System
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 1, Problem 10P
To determine
The distance of Betelgeuse from earth.
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Let us imagine that the spectrum of a star is collected and we find the absorption line of Hydrogen-Alpha (the deepest absorption line of hydrogen in the visible part of
the electromagnetic spectrum) to be observed at 656.5 nm instead of 656.3 nm as measured in a lab here on Earth. What is the velocity of this star in
m/s? (Hint: speed of light is 3*10^8 m/s; leave the units off of your answer)
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Let us imagine that the spectrum of a star is collected and we find the absorption line of Hydrogen-Alpha (the deepest absorption line of hydrogen in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum) to be observed at 656.5 nm instead of 656.3 nm as measured in a lab here on Earth. What is the velocity of this star in m/s? (Hint: speed of light is 3*10^8 m/s; leave the units off of your answer)
Using the center-of-mass equations or the Center of Mass Calculator (under Binary-Star Basics, above), you will investigate a specific binary-star system. Assume that Star 1 has
m1 = 3.2
solar masses, Star 2 has
m2 = 1.6
solar masses, and the total separation of the two (R) is 80 AU. (One AU is Earth's average distance from the Sun.)
(a)
What is the distance,
d1,
(in AU) from Star 1 to the center of mass?
Chapter 1 Solutions
The Solar System
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 1 - What is the largest dimension of which you have...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between the Solar System,...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between the Moon and a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5RQCh. 1 - Why are light-years more convenient than miles,...Ch. 1 - Why is it difficult to detect planets orbiting...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 1 - What is the difference between the Milky Way and...Ch. 1 - What are the Milky Way Galaxys spiral arms?
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11RQCh. 1 - Where are you in the Universe? If you had to give...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13RQCh. 1 - Prob. 14RQCh. 1 - Prob. 15RQCh. 1 - How do we know? How does the scientific method...Ch. 1 - The equatorial diameter of Earth is 7928 miles. If...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2PCh. 1 - One astronomical unit (AU) is about 1.5 108 km....Ch. 1 - A typical galaxy is shown on the first page of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5PCh. 1 - Venus orbits 0.72 AU from the Sun. What is that...Ch. 1 - Light from the Sun takes 8 minutes to reach Earth....Ch. 1 - The Sun is almost 400 times farther from Earth...Ch. 1 - If the speed of light is 3.0 × 105 km/s, how many...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10PCh. 1 - Prob. 11PCh. 1 - Prob. 12PCh. 1 - How many galaxies like our own would it take if...Ch. 1 - Arrange the following in order of increasing size:...Ch. 1 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3SPCh. 1 - Prob. 4SPCh. 1 - Look at the center of Figure 1–4. Approximately...Ch. 1 - Look at Figure 1-6. How can you tell that Mercury...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3LLCh. 1 - Look at Figure 1-9. Would you say that the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5LLCh. 1 - Prob. 6LL
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- Do the previous problem again, this time using the information that the Sun is 150,000,000 km away. You will get a very large number of km as your answer. To get a better feeling for how the distances compare, try calculating the time it takes light at a speed of 299,338 km/s to travel from the Sun to Earth and from Alpha Centauri to Earth. For Alpha Centauri, figure out how long the trip will take in years as well as in seconds.arrow_forwardWhite Dwarf Size II. The white dwarf, Sirius B, contains 0.98 solar mass, and its density is about 2 x 106 g/cm?. Find the radius of the white dwarf in km to three significant digits. (Hint: Density = mass/volume, and the volume of a 4 sphere is Tr.) 3 km Compare your answer with the radii of the planets listed in the Table A-10. Which planet is this white dwarf is closely equal to in size? I Table A-10 I Properties of the Planets ORBITAL PROPERTIES Semimajor Axis (a) Orbital Period (P) Average Orbital Velocity (km/s) Orbital Inclination Planet (AU) (106 km) (v) (days) Eccentricity to Ecliptic Mercury 0.387 57.9 0.241 88.0 47.9 0.206 7.0° Venus 0.723 108 0.615 224.7 35.0 0.007 3.4° Earth 1.00 150 1.00 365.3 29.8 0.017 Mars 1.52 228 1.88 687.0 24.1 0.093 1.8° Jupiter 5.20 779 11.9 4332 13.1 0.049 1.30 Saturn 9.58 1433 29.5 10,759 9.7 0.056 2.5° 30,799 60,190 Uranus 19.23 2877 84.3 6.8 0.044 0.8° Neptune * By definition. 30.10 4503 164.8 5.4 0.011 1.8° PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Earth = e)…arrow_forwardUsing the center-of-mass equations or the Center of Mass Calculator (under Binary-Star Basics, above), you will investigate a specific binary-star system. Assume that Star 1 has m₁ = 3.4 solar masses, Star 2 has m₂ = 1.4 solar masses, and the total separation of the two (R) is 52 AU. (One AU is Earth's average distance from the Sun.) (a)What is the distance, d₁, (in AU) from Star 1 to the center of mass? AU (b)What is the distance, d2, (in AU) from Star 2 to the center of mass? AUarrow_forward
- Considering that Earth experiences an average intensity of sunlight of 1330 W/m? and is at a distance from the Sun of 1.0 AU = 150 million km, and considering that that the apparent magnitude of the Sun as seen from Earth is m = -26.7, (a) then how far from the Sun would a distant Kuiper- belt world need to be in order for the apparent magnitude of the Sun to be m = -11.0 as seen on that world? Give your answer in AU. (b) What would be the orbital period of this world? Give your answer in Earth years.arrow_forwardgiven: the mass of Sagittarius A* in units of solar masses = 3,832,087.773 MSun. Question: This object is known to be relatively small in size, with a diameter of about 60 million kilometers. For comparison, Earth is 149.6 million kilometers away from the Sun. Based on this fact, what do you think this object is? Hint: The object itself emits virtually no light at all.arrow_forwardSuppose we find an Earth-like planet around one of our nearest stellar neighbors, Alpha Centauri (located only 4.4 light-years away). If we launched a "generation ship" at a constant speed of 1500.00 km/s from Earth with a group of people whose descendants will explore and colonize this planet, how many years before the generation ship reached Alpha Centauri? (Note there are 9.46 ××1012 km in a light-year and 31.6 million seconds in a year.arrow_forward
- Approximately how many stars are visible with the naked eye in the night sky? (1) Where in the night sky can you observe the famous double star system Mizar and Alcor? (2). What kind of celestial object is Neowise C/2020 F3 and what makes it special? (3). Which very intense meteor shower is taking place annually in December? (4). What are the names of the following three well-known constellations? (5) (7). (6)arrow_forwardAstronomers frequently say that “there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth”. Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth’s beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. About 1011 About 1016 About 1021.arrow_forwardMost stars (Main sequence) generate light through the same mechanism. Because of this, there is an empirical relation between their mass, M, and their Luminosity, L. This relation could be written in the form L/Lsun = (M/Msun, This relation is shown in the log-log diagram below. Find the value of a and round it to the nearest integer. 10 104 102 10-2 10-4 0.1 1.0 2.0 0.2 0.5 5.0 10.0 20.0 Mam (solar masses) Luminosty (solar units)arrow_forward
- The telescope and CCD camera described in question 2 are scheduled to observe the star cluster M67 at 22:00 GMT on 02/03/2022. Using Stellarium, determine whether or not this is a good time to observe the cluster. Choose the answer below that best matches your conclusions. a. No - the cluster is not visible from London at this date and time. b. The cluster is visible but the full Moon is close by and so will interfere with the observations. c. The cluster is visible but is very close to the horizon and so will be difficult to observe. d. The cluster M67 is never visible in the sky from London so we should abandon any plans to observe it. e. Yes this is a good time to observe the cluster as it is well placed in the sky for viewing and the moon is not visible.arrow_forwardIn a binary star system, the average separation between the stars is 5 AU and their orbital period is 4 years. What is the sum of their masses? (Enter your answer in terms of the mass of the Sun.) 781 Msun The average distance of Star A from the center of mass is 5 times that of Star B. What are their individual masses? (Enter your answers in terms of the mass of the Sun.) Star A How are the distances of each star from the center of mass related to their masses? Meun Star B Be sure you are entering the mass of Star B here. Mearrow_forwardPart 3 1. The diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. The diameter of the Moon is 3,474.8 km. Find the ratio, r= Dsa/Dsvan between the sizes. 2. From the point of view of an obs erver on Eanth (consider the Earth as a point-like object), during the eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun exactly. Sketch a picture to illustrate this fact. Use a nuler to get a straight line. Your drawing does not need to be in scale. 3. The Sun is 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) away from the Earth. Find the distance between the Earth and the Moon in AU's using the ratio of similar triangles. Show your work. DEM= AU. Convert this to kilometers. Use 1 AU = 149,600,000 km. DEM = km.arrow_forward
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