Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 11, Problem 22P
To determine
The greatest distance of the comet Alex- Casey from the Sun.
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According to Lunar Laser Ranging experiments the average distance LM from the Earth to theMoon is approximately 3.85 × 105 km. The Moon orbits the Earth and completes one revolutionin approximately 27.5 days (a sidereal month).
a) Calculate the orbital velocity of the Moon.b) Calculate mass of the Earth.
The orbital period of the Earth and Mars are Pg = 365.26 d and P
respectively. Assuming circular orbits, the synodic period P, for two planets to
be at the same angular position from the Sun can be found using the equation
1
= 686.97 d,
%3D
Pe Pe
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and estimate the date of its next opposition.
b) It is said that Mars at oppositions near its perihelion occur roughly once every
15 years, with the last event occurring on 27 Jul 2018. Using the synodie
period derived, find a more accurate interval, and estimate the date for the
next time this event occurs.
c) The actual dates for the next Martian opposition and opposition at perihelion
are 8 Dec 2022 and 15 Sep 2035, respectively. State two reasons why your
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In stage 10 of the evolution of a Sun-like star, helium fusion occurs. Write down
the…
The orbit of a 15 x 100 kg comet around the Sun is ellipcical, with an apholion distance of 28.0 AU and perihelon distance of 0.865 AU. (Nste: 1 AU - one astronomical unit = the average dstance
trom the Sun to the Earth 1496 x 101 m)
(a) What is its orbital eccentricity?
(b) What is its period? (Enter your answer in yr.)
yr
(c) At aphelion what is the potential energy (in J) of the comet-Sun system?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1PCh. 11 - Prob. 2PCh. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - Prob. 5PCh. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Prob. 7PCh. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10P
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- Check Your Understanding The nearly circular orbit of Saturn has an average radius of about 9.5 AU and has a period of 30 years, whereas Uranus averages about 19 AU and has a period of 84 years. Is this consistent with our results for Halley’s comet?arrow_forwardEros has an elliptical orbit about the Sun, with a perihelion distance of 1.13 AU and aphelion distance of 1.78 AU. What is the period of its orbit?arrow_forwardConsider an imaginary planet in our solar system at an average distance of25 AU from the Sun.(a) Calculate the orbital period of this planet. (b) This fictional planet has an orbital eccentricity of e = 0.4, calculatethe planet’s distance to the Sun at aphelion and perihelion. (c) Another imaginary planet in our solar system has a perihelion distanceof 12 AU from the Sun and an aphelion distance of 68 AU. Is theeccentricity of this new planet greater or less than the planet in theprevious question?arrow_forward
- (a) A reasonably accurate value for the AU is 1.50 × 101 m. If the year is a × 107 s, (2) (a good approximation, and one easy to remember) calculate Earth's speed in km/s assuming a circular orbit about the Sun. (b) The experimental determination (first attempted by Cavendish in 1797/98) yields G = 6.67×10-11 N-m²/kg?. Calculate the mass of the Sun. (c) On the other hand, when we measure distances in AU and speeds in km/s, the constant in the Vis-Viva Equation is GM = 900. Explain why this is the case. (d) Once we know the distance to the Sun, using its angular size one could determine that the radius of the Sun is approximately Rsun = 7 × 10* m. Calculate the ratio of the Sun's density to that of water.arrow_forwardThe orbit of a 1.5 x 1010 kg comet around the Sun is elliptical, with an aphelion distance of 33.0 AU and perihelion distance of 0.855 AU. (Note: 1 AU = one astronomical unit = the average distance from the Sun to the Earth 1.496 x 1011 m.) %3D (a) What is its orbital eccentricity? (b) What is its period? (Enter your answer in yr.) yr (c) At aphelion what is the potential energy (in J) of the comet-Sun system?arrow_forwardA comet has a period of 76.3 years and moves in an ellipticalorbit in which its perihelion (closest approach to the Sun)is 0.610 AU. Find (a) the semimajor axis of the comet and(b) an estimate of the comet’s maximum distance from theSun, both in astronomical units.arrow_forward
- A comet has a period of 71.3 years and moves in an elliptical orbit in which its perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) is 0.700 AU. Find the semimajor axis of the comet and an estimate of the comet's maximum distance from the Sun, both in astronomical units. HINT (a) the semimajor axis of the comet (in AU) 34.4 X AU (b) an estimate of the comet's maximum distance (in AU) from the Sun 33.67 Remember that the semimajor axis, a, is half the longest distance across an ellipse. For the special case of a circular orbit, the semimajor axis equals the orbital radius. AUarrow_forwardNeptune orbits the Sun with an orbital radius of 4.495 x 10^12 m. If the earth to sun distance 1A.U. = 1.5 x 10^11 m, a) Determine how many A.U.'s is Neptune's orbital radius (Round to the nearest tenth). b) Given the Sun's mass is 1.99 x10^30 kg, use Newton's modified version of Kepler's formula T^2 = (4pi^2/Gm(star)) x d^3 to find the period in seconds using scientific notation. (Round to the nearest thousandth). C) Convert the period in part b) to years (Round to the nearest tenth)arrow_forwardSuppose you are told that a satellite orbiting the Earth has a orbital period of 0.95 hours. Part (a) Using the orbital characteristics of the Moon (RM = 3.84 × 105km and TM = 0.0748 y), use Kepler's laws to calculate the orbital radius for the satellite, in kilometers.arrow_forward
- A comet has a period of 76.3 years and moves in an elliptical orbit in which its perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) is 0.610 AU. Find (a) the semi major axis of the comet and (b) an estimate of the comet's maximum distance from the Sun, both in astronomical units (AU).arrow_forwardNeptune orbits the Sun with an orbital radius of 4.495 x 10^12 m. If the earth to sun distance 1 A.U. = 1.5 x 10^11 m, a) Determine how many A.U.'s is Neptune's orbital radius (Round to the nearest tenth). b) Given the Sun's mass is 1.99 x 10^30 kg , use Newton's modified version of Kepler's formula T^2 = (4pi^2/Gm(star)) x d^3 to find the period in seconds using scientific notation. (Round to the nearest thousandth). c) Convert the period in part b) to years(Round to the nearest tenth).arrow_forward(a) Jupiter's third-largest natural satellite, Io, follows an orbit with a semimajor axis of 422,000 km (4.22 ✕ 105 km) and a period of 1.77 Earth days (PIo = 1.77 d). To use Kepler's Third Law, we first must convert Io's orbital semimajor axis to astronomical units. One AU equals 150 million km (1 AU = 1.50 ✕ 108 km). Convert Io's a value to AU and record the result. aIo = AU (b) One Earth year is about 365 days. Convert Io's orbital period to Earth years and record the result. PIo = yr (c) Use the Kepler's Third Law Calculator to calculate Jupiter's mass in solar units. Record the result. MJup(Io) = MSun (d) Based on this result, Jupiter's mass is about that of the Sun. Jupiter has a similar fraction of the Sun's volume. The two objects therefore have rather similar density! In fact, Jupiter has a fairly similar composition as well: most of its mass is in the form of hydrogen and helium.arrow_forward
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