Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 5CC
To determine
The reason for the abundance of noble gases on Jupiter than the Sun.
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Why do two different gasses always have different spectral signatures?
Problem 2. Thermal Energy of the Gas Giants: Energy Radiated by Saturn (Palen, et. al., 1st Edition, Chapter 8, problems 40, 62)
The equilibrium temperature (Links to an external site.) for Saturn should be 82 K but instead we find an average temperature of 95 K.
How much more energy is Saturn radiating into space than it absorbs from the sun?
Does this violate the law of conservation of energy?
What is the source of this additional energy?
1 Solar constant, Sun, and the 10 pc distance!
The luminosity of Sun is + 4- 1026 W - 4- 1033ergs-1, The Sun is located at a distance of
m from the Earth. The Earth receives a radiant flux (above its atmosphere) of F = 1365W m- 2, also known as
the solar constant. What would have been the Solar contact if the Sun was at a distance of 10 pc ?
1AU 1 1.5-+ 1011
Chapter 12 Solutions
Universe
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Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CCCh. 12 - Prob. 1QCh. 12 - Prob. 2QCh. 12 - Prob. 3QCh. 12 - Prob. 4QCh. 12 - Prob. 5QCh. 12 - Prob. 6QCh. 12 - Prob. 7QCh. 12 - Prob. 8QCh. 12 - Prob. 9QCh. 12 - Prob. 10QCh. 12 - Prob. 11QCh. 12 - Prob. 12QCh. 12 - Prob. 13QCh. 12 - Prob. 14QCh. 12 - Prob. 15QCh. 12 - Prob. 16QCh. 12 - Prob. 17QCh. 12 - Prob. 18QCh. 12 - Prob. 19QCh. 12 - Prob. 20QCh. 12 - Prob. 21QCh. 12 - Prob. 22QCh. 12 - Prob. 23QCh. 12 - Prob. 24QCh. 12 - Prob. 25QCh. 12 - Prob. 26QCh. 12 - Prob. 27QCh. 12 - Prob. 28QCh. 12 - Prob. 29QCh. 12 - Prob. 30QCh. 12 - Prob. 31QCh. 12 - Prob. 33QCh. 12 - Prob. 34QCh. 12 - Prob. 35QCh. 12 - Prob. 36QCh. 12 - Prob. 37QCh. 12 - Prob. 38QCh. 12 - Prob. 39QCh. 12 - Prob. 40QCh. 12 - Prob. 41QCh. 12 - Prob. 42QCh. 12 - Prob. 43QCh. 12 - Prob. 44QCh. 12 - Prob. 45QCh. 12 - Prob. 46QCh. 12 - Prob. 47QCh. 12 - Prob. 48QCh. 12 - Prob. 49QCh. 12 - Prob. 50QCh. 12 - Prob. 51QCh. 12 - Prob. 52QCh. 12 - Prob. 53QCh. 12 - Prob. 54QCh. 12 - Prob. 55QCh. 12 - Prob. 56QCh. 12 - Prob. 57QCh. 12 - Prob. 58QCh. 12 - Prob. 59Q
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- In the model shown in the table below, what fraction of the Sun's mass is hotter than 5,000,000 K? R/R SunT (106 K) Density (g/cm³) 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.006 0.60 1.2 2.3 3.1 4.9 5.1 6.9 9.3 13.1 15.7 0.00 0.009 0.035 0.12 0.40 1.3 4.1 13 36 89 150 M/M Sun L/L Sun 1.00 0.999 0.996 0.990 0.97 0.92 0.82 0.63 0.34 0.073 0.000 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.91 0.40 0.00arrow_forwardThe Stefan-Boltzmann equation can be used to estimate the size of asteroids. "Sigma," the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, is 5.67 x 10 Watts/m²K. If you want to abbreviate Plus 1.1415 You measure the infrared emission from an asteroid and conclude that it has a temperature of 249 K. Using rader you find the distance, and are then able to use your infrared brightness to determine a luminosity of 7.21E+12 Watts. If you assume the asteroid is roughly spherical, what is its radius in meters? CHECK ANSWERarrow_forwardEven though neutral hydrogen is the most abundant element in interstellar matter, it was detected first with a telescope, not a visible light telescope. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Consider a star for which the stellar power per unit area at distance 1 AU from the star is 4.5 kW/m^2. Assume the radius of the star is 0.005 AU (similar to Sol). What is the surface temperature of the star? Submit Answer Tries 0/12arrow_forwardThe Sun's mass is 2.0x1030 kg, its radius is 7.0×105 km, and it has a rotational period of approximately 28 days. If the Sun should collapse into a white dwarf of radius 3.7x103 km, what would its period be if no mass were ejected and a sphere of uniform density can model the Sun both before and after?arrow_forwardIf our Sun were surrounded by a cloud of gas, would this cloud be an emission nebula? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Consider a star for which the stellar power per unit area at distance 1 AU from the star is 3.7 kW/m^2. Assume the radius of the star is 0.005 AU (similar to Sol). What is the surface temperature of the star?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are true regarding a nebula? Which of the following statements is/are true regarding a nebula? It is believed that each planet in our solar system began as its own nebula. Over time, a nebula becomes cooler and grows in size. The density of a nebula is greatest at the edges and least in the center. There are no nebulas left in our galaxy because they have all formed stars and planets. Over time, a star will form at the center of a nebula.arrow_forwardTutorial Star A has a temperature of 6,000 K. How much energy per second (in J/s/m²) does it radiate onto a square meter of its surface? If the temperature of Star A decreases by a factor of 2, the energy will decrease by a factor of Star B has a temperature that is 5 times higher than Star A. How much more energy per second (compared to Star A) does it radiate onto a square meter of its surface? Part 1 of 4 The energy of a star is related to its temperature by E = OTA where o = 5.67 x 10-8 J/s/m²/K4. Part 2 of 4 To determine how much energy Star A is radiating, we just plug in the temperature to solve for EA. EA J/s/m²arrow_forward
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