Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.57P
13-57 Benzene, as we have seen in this chapter, is the simplest
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Polyphenols have been shown to have important health benefits.
We can talk more about polyphenol structure in Chem 432, but at the right
I show part of the structure of polyphenols.
#2
#1
OH
#3
Но
он
Note that there are three OH groups, #1, #2, and #3. They are not all
equally strong Brønsted-Lowry acids. By drawing and showing the most
important resonance structures, and using <20 words of explanation,
indicate the relative acidity of the three OH groups.
`OR
Determine if the following compounds are aromatic, non-aromatic, or anti-aromatic. Show a structure that helps to support your classification. This structure should not just redraw the compound; show lone pairs, resonance, and/or contributing π bonds as part of your explanation.
6. (Chapter 15-Q37) Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic that
has a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. Answer the
following questions.
Indole
6(a) What is the hybridization of N in this molecule? =
6(b) How many pi electrons N contributes to the ring? =
6() Which orbitals contribute to form a sigma bond
between N and H in this molecule? =
6(c) What is the electronic relationship of Indole to
naphthalene? Give the answer by comparing number of
rings and number of pi electrons in both compounds, write
x rings, y pi electrons=|
Chapter 13 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.1PCh. 13 - Answer true or false. Alkenes, alkynes, and arenes...Ch. 13 - 13-3 What is the difference in structure between a...Ch. 13 - 13-4 Define aromatic compound.Ch. 13 - 13-5 Why are alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic...Ch. 13 - 13-B Do aromatic rings have double bonds? Are they...Ch. 13 - 13-7 Can an aromatic compound be a saturated...Ch. 13 - Draw at least two structural formulas for each of...Ch. 13 - 13-9 Write a structural formula and the name for...Ch. 13 - 13-10 Account for the fact that the six-membered...
Ch. 13 - 13-11 Explain why the compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene...Ch. 13 - 13-12 One analogy often used to explain the...Ch. 13 - 13-13 Answer true or false. A phenyl group has the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.14PCh. 13 - 13-15 Draw structural formulas for these compounds...Ch. 13 - 13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene,...Ch. 13 - 13-17 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-18 Answer true or false. Benzene does not...Ch. 13 - 13-19 Suppose you have unlabeled bottles of...Ch. 13 - 13-20 Three products with the molecular formula...Ch. 13 - 13-21 The reaction of bromine with toluene in the...Ch. 13 - 13-22 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - 13-23 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - 13-25 Answer true or false. (a) Phenols and...Ch. 13 - 13-26 Both phenol and cyclohexanol are only...Ch. 13 - 13-27 Define autoxidation.Ch. 13 - 13*28 Autoxidation is described as a radical-chain...Ch. 13 - 13-29 Show that if you add Steps 2a and 2b of the...Ch. 13 - 13-30 How does vitamin E function as an...Ch. 13 - 13-31 What structural features are common to...Ch. 13 - 13*32 Black-and-white photography is a commercial...Ch. 13 - 13-33 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-34 (Chemical Connections 13A) From what parts...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35PCh. 13 - 13-36 (Chemical Connections 13A, Would you expect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37PCh. 13 - 13-38 (Chemical Connections 13A) What is meant by...Ch. 13 - 13-39 (Chemical Connections 13B) What is a...Ch. 13 - 13-40 (Chemical Connections 130 In the absence of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41PCh. 13 - 13-42 (Chemical Connections 13E) What are the...Ch. 13 - 13-43 (Chemical Connections 13E) Which features of...Ch. 13 - 13-44 (Chemical Connections 13E) What color would...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.45PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47PCh. 13 - 13-48 (Chemical Connections 13F, How many...Ch. 13 - 13-49 (Chemical Connections 13F) In what ways is...Ch. 13 - 13*50 The structure for naphthalene given in...Ch. 13 - 13-51 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 13 - 13-52 2,6-Di-/ezY-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT,...Ch. 13 - 13-53 Write the structural formula for the product...Ch. 13 - 13-54 Styrene reacts with bromine to give a...Ch. 13 - 13-55 When toluene is treated with Br, in the...Ch. 13 - 13-56 Four alternatives to the structure of...Ch. 13 - 13-57 Benzene, as we have seen in this chapter, is...
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- 13-4 Define aromatic compound.arrow_forward13-B Do aromatic rings have double bonds? Are they unsaturated? Explain.arrow_forward13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and benzo[ajpyrene are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. In this context, what does “polynuclear” mean? What does “aromatic” mean? What does “hydrocarbon” mean?arrow_forward
- #10 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds Name the following aromatic compounds following IUPAC system of nomenclature. Br NH, OH HO O NO,arrow_forwardWhat is the correct name of the following aromatic compound? (the abbreviations at the beginning of the names stand for: o-ortho, m=meta, p=para) ola OH O₂N O p-nitrobenzaldehyde O p-nitrobenzoic acid O o-nitroanisole O m-nitrotoluene • Rectangular Sniparrow_forwardn of the following molecules could be considered aromatic? Assume all of the compounds are planar. T: Are these proper Lewis structures? ZI NH₂ N HBarrow_forward
- 12 What type of organic molecule is this? нн | н-с-с-с H H O-H ketone O alcohol aldehyde organic acidarrow_forward13-5 Why are alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds said to be unsaturated?arrow_forward13-44 (Chemical Connections 13E) What color would you get if you mixed Allura Red and Sunset Yellow? (Hint: Remember the color wheel.)arrow_forward
- 13-12 One analogy often used to explain the concept of a resonance hybrid is to relate a rhinoceros to a unicorn and a dragon. Explain the reasoning in this analogy and how it might relate to a resonance hybrid.arrow_forward11-58 (Chemical Connections 11A) How many rings in te trodotoxin contain only carbon atoms? How many contain nitrogen atoms? How many contain two oxygen atoms?arrow_forward13-56 Four alternatives to the structure of benzene proposed by Kekule are shown in the text. In this problem, we ask you to propose additional alternatives for compounds with the molecular formula C6Hg. As you think about possible alternatives keep in mind the building blocks available to you. Also keep in mind that carbon must be tetravalent, that is, each carbon must have no more and no fewer than four bonds. Three- four-, five-, and six-membered rings Carbon—carbon single, double, and triple bonds The possibility for cis /trans isomerism for carbon-carbon double bondsarrow_forward
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