Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized is to be shown. Concept introduction: The following steps are involved in the synthesis of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) from materials having five carbons i) Nucleophilic addition of a Grignard reagent (with an unsaturated carbon chain) to the carbonyl carbon in a methyl ketone to get an unsaturated alcohol ii) Addition of water to the double bond through hydroboration followed by oxidation to yield a diol . iii) Oxidation of the alcohol to acid iv) dehydration of the acid to get the unsaturated acid. To show: Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 52AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The following steps are involved in the synthesis of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) from materials having five carbons i) Nucleophilic addition of a Grignard reagent (with an unsaturated carbon chain) to the carbonyl carbon in a methyl ketone to get an unsaturated alcohol ii) Addition of water to the double bond through hydroboration followed by oxidation to yield a diol. iii) Oxidation of the alcohol to acid iv) dehydration of the acid to get the unsaturated acid.

To show:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized.

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3-Methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) has been identified as the substance responsible for the odor of human sweat. Synthesize the compound from raw materials that have five carbons or less.

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) a) Given 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100% yield? b) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.25 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? c) The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 52AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The following steps are involved in the synthesis of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) from materials having five carbons i) Nucleophilic addition of a Grignard reagent (with an unsaturated carbon chain) to the carbonyl carbon in a methyl ketone to get an unsaturated alcohol ii) Addition of water to the double bond through hydroboration followed by oxidation to yield a diol. iii) Oxidation of the alcohol to acid iv) dehydration of the acid to get the unsaturated acid.

To show:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 52AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The following steps are involved in the synthesis of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) from materials having five carbons i) Nucleophilic addition of a Grignard reagent (with an unsaturated carbon chain) to the carbonyl carbon in a methyl ketone to get an unsaturated alcohol ii) Addition of water to the double bond through hydroboration followed by oxidation to yield a diol. iii) Oxidation of the alcohol to acid iv) dehydration of the acid to get the unsaturated acid.

To show:

Starting from materials having five or fewer carbons how 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (mixture of E and Z isomers) can be synthesized.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 20.SE, Problem 52AP

Interpretation Introduction