Chapter 22, Problem 22.57QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Basic property, boiling point difference between ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$, formation of ${\text{NCl}}_{\text{5}}$ and ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{5}}$, reactivity of ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{P}}_{\text{4}}$ has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Base: The ability of donating electron pair by a chemical substance.

To show: ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ is a weak base compared to ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Boiling point: The vapor pressure of a liquid equals to the atmospheric pressure and liquid changes into vapor phase this temperature is known as its boiling point of a liquid. 

To show: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ has higher boiling point than ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept Introduction

Periodic table: The table in which the elements are arranged based on their atomic number, atomic weight, electronic configuration, electronegativity and size in a periodical manner.  In the periodic table row is called as a period and column is called as a group.

To show: ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{5}}$ is exists but ${\text{NCl}}_{\text{5}}$ is not

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Bond strength:

$\text{Triple}\text{bond}>\text{Double}\text{bond}>\text{Single}\text{bond}$

To give: The reason for ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ is more inert than ${\text{P}}_{\text{4}}$