Concept explainers
(a)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with bromine water gives aldonic acid. It is an oxidation reaction. Bromine water is used for this oxidation because it does not oxidize the alcohols group.
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(b)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(c)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(d)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of Tollens reagent
(e)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Reductions of aldose give a new asymmetric carbon atom formed in either two configurations, resulting in two epimers.
(f)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(g)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
The reaction of aldose with excess
(h)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with
Concept introduction: The reaction of aldose with reducing agents
Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
(i)
To determine: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The product when D-galactose reacts with given reagents is to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Ruff degradation is a method which is used to shorten sugar chain. It is a two step process which starts with a bromine-water oxidation of the aldose to its aldonic acid. Then in the second step treatment of aldonic acid with hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate oxidizes the carbonyl group to
(j)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with given reagents.
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts given reagents are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The Kiliani Fischer synthesis is a method of lengthening an aldose carbon chain buy adding one carbon atom to the aldehyde end of the aldose.
In Kiliani Fischer synthesis, the first step involves the aldehyde carbon atom is made asymmetric with the formation of cyanohydrin. Then in the second step the hydrogenation of the following cyanohydrin gives two imines, which hydrolyzes to give aldehyde.
(k)
To determine: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Interpretation: The products when D-galactose reacts with excess
Concept introduction: Galactose is a monosaccharide which contains six carbons and aldehyde group. It exists in D and L forms. It is formed from dietary lactose.
D-galactose is a sugar which is found in milk products.
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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