Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the initial reactant for the PPP is ribose” relating to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true or false.
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
A reactant is defined as the substance that is initially present in the
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the final products of the PPP include two glycolysis intermediates” relating to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true or false.
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted to two pyruvate molecules. ATP molecules and NADH-reduced coenzymes are produced along with pyruvate.
An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction.
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “in the first step of the second stage of the PPP
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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- 3. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Enzymes speed up the attainment of a reaction equilibrium. B. Enzymes make reactions 10³ to 1020 times faster. C. Enzymes are proteins. D. Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed for a reaction. E. Enzymes are chemically unchanged during the actual catalytic process. 4. The polar head of cerebroside in the membrane can form a. Hydrogen bonds b. lon-dipole interactions c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B with water molecule.arrow_forward4. Most monosaccharides and disaccharides undergo fermentation in the presence of yeast. What are the products of the fermentation reaction of glucose? What disaccharide does not undergo fermentation with yeast because yeast lacks the enzyme needed for the hydrolysis of this disaccharide? 5. What enzymes are needed for hydrolysis of starch and sucrose? Where are they produced in the human body?arrow_forward1. What is glycolysis? 2. Discuss the steps involved in glycolysis. 3. What are the enzymes used in each step? 4. Identify the chemical reactions in each step. 5. In which steps are coenzymes used? 6. In which steps are ATP used to activate the process? 7. In which steps are ATP produced? 8. How many ATPs are produced in the glycolysis of glucose molecule? Show the computations. 9. Show how the ATP is computed in the glycolysis process.arrow_forward
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