Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 29, Problem 14E
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using quasars to probe the early history of the universe?
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Describe a quasar.
If a galaxy is 8.8 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 498 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)?
_______ km/s/Mpc
What is the Hubble time (in yr)?
_______ yr
How would acceleration change your answer?
A: If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially younger than the value entered above.
B: If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially older than the value entered above.
(b) Draw the shape of the Milky Way for a spaceship with a velocity of 20%, 50%, and 90% of the
speed of light in the figure below (Note: The ring shape for a resting spaceship is already drawn.):
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
-0.50
-0.75
-1.00
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
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0.0
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1.0
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Chapter 29 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 29 - What are the basic observations about the universe...Ch. 29 - Describe some possible futures for the universe...Ch. 29 - What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology,...Ch. 29 - Which formed first: hydrogen nuclei or hydrogen...Ch. 29 - Describe at least two characteristics of the...Ch. 29 - Describe two properties of the universe that are...Ch. 29 - Why do astronomers believe there must be dark...Ch. 29 - What is dark energy and what evidence do...Ch. 29 - Thinking about the ideas of space and time in...Ch. 29 - Astronomers have found that there is more helium...
Ch. 29 - Describe the anthropic principle. What are some...Ch. 29 - Describe the evidence that the expansion of the...Ch. 29 - What is the most useful probe of the early...Ch. 29 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 29 - Would acceleration of the universe occur if it...Ch. 29 - Suppose the universe expands forever. Describe...Ch. 29 - Some theorists expected that observations would...Ch. 29 - There are a variety of ways of estimating the ages...Ch. 29 - Since the time of Copernicus, each revolution in...Ch. 29 - The anthropic principle suggests that in some...Ch. 29 - Penzias and Wilson’s discovery of the Cosmic...Ch. 29 - Construct a timeline for the universe and indicate...Ch. 29 - Suppose the Hubble constant were not 22 but 33...Ch. 29 - Assume that the average galaxy contains...Ch. 29 - The CMB contains roughly 400 million photons per...Ch. 29 - Following up on Exercise 29.27 calculate the...Ch. 29 - Continuing the thinking in Exercise 29.27 and...Ch. 29 - Continuing the thinking in the last three...Ch. 29 - There is still some uncertainty in the Hubble...Ch. 29 - It is possible to derive the age of the universe...
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- Why don’t any of the methods for establishing distances to galaxies, described in Galaxies (other than Hubble’s law itself), work for quasars?arrow_forwardDescribe the arguments supporting the idea that quasars are at the distances indicated by their redshifts.arrow_forwardWhy were quasars and active galaxies not initially recognized as being “special” in some way?arrow_forward
- What is the typical structure we observe in a quasar at radio frequencies?arrow_forwardRapid variability in quasars indicates that the region in which the energy is generated must be small. You can show why this is true. Suppose, for example, that the region in which the energy is generated is a transparent sphere 1 light-year in diameter. Suppose that in 1 s this region brightens by a factor of 10 and remains bright for two years, after which it returns to its original luminosity. Draw its light curve (a graph of its brightness over time) as viewed from Earth.arrow_forwardWhat would be the Hubble constant if the universe were 18 billion years old?arrow_forward
- Pretend that galaxies are spaced evenly, 2.0 Mpc apart, and the average mass of a galaxy is 1.0 x 1011 Mo: What is the average density (in kg/m3) of matter in the universe? (ote: The volume of a sphere is , and the mass of the sun is 2.0 x 1030 kg.) kg/m3arrow_forwardEstimate the age of the universe for a Hubble constant of (a)50km/s/Mpc, (b) 75km/s/Mpc, and (c) 100 km/s/Mpc. On the basis of the answers, explain how the ages of globular clusters could be used to put a limit on the maximum value of the Hubble constant.arrow_forwardExplain how the Hubble constant, H0, can be used to make an estimate for the age of the Universe. Use the value of H0 = 0.07×103 kms-1/Mpc to estimate the Universe’s age. Comment on the significance of your answer.arrow_forward
- What are the similarities and differences between blazars and quasars?arrow_forwardImagine that an observed distant galaxy is measured to have a distance of 40 Mpc by a Type Ia supernovae and the redshift of the galaxy indicates the galaxy appears to be moving away from us at a speed of 2400 km/s. What would the Hubble constant be if measured solely based on this galaxy in units of km/s/Mpc?arrow_forwardPretend that galaxies are spaced evenly, 8.0 Mpc apart, and the average mass of a galaxy is 1.0 ✕ 1011 M. What is the average density (in kg/m3) of matter in the universe? Which model universe does this density value support?arrow_forward
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