Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29, Problem 9TYK

Bryophytes were the dominant plants in the first 100 million years of plant evolution. By the Carboniferous period, seedless vascular plants formed giant forests. Why could these plants out-compete bryophytes?

  1. a. Their protected embryos were better able to withstand dry conditions, providing a selective advantage in dominating terrestrial habitats.
  2. b. They did not require water for their sperm to swim to fertilize the eggs, allowing them to colonize dry)' habitats.
  3. c. Their dominant generation was diploid, so they could grow faster than haploid bryophytes.
  4. d. Their vascular tissue enabled them to grow tall, competing for light and more widely dispersing their spores.
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How does a haplontic plant population maintain genetic diversity? a. Zygotes are produced by random fusion. b. Gametes are created through meiosis. c. Diploid spores undergo independent assortment during mitosis. d. The zygote undergoes meiosis to generate a haploid sporophyte.
How did the evolution of certain reproductive features allow early plants to invade the land? Answer the same question for animals.
Many fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.
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General Embryology Review in 20 minutes; Author: Medical Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YKvVeVMmEE;License: Standard youtube license