Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The importance of the primary structure of proteins, in explaining evolutionary relationships.
Introduction:
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What is the primary structure of a protein? Describe how the primary structure of proteins is used by evolutionary biologists
A mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to aspartic acid, an amino acid with a polar, negatively-charged side chain. Do you think that the following levels of protein structure change? If so, how and why? If not, why not? Please frame your answer in terms of chemical bonds and interactions. (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quartenary structure)
When comparing similarities among multiple protein structures, which of the following is false?
None of the above statements are false.
Proteins with the same function from different species are likely to be more similar in sequence than in
structure.
Proteins with the same function from a different species are likely to have similar motifs.
Proteins with the same motifs are likely to perform similar functions.
An effective protein motif is likely be observed in multiple proteins.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - What is the difference between hydrocarbons and...Ch. 3.1 - What is the maximum number of bonds that a carbon...Ch. 3.1 - Do carboxyl groups, amino groups, and phosphate...Ch. 3.1 - What is the difference between a dehydration...Ch. 3.2 - What is the difference between a monosaccharide, a...Ch. 3.3 - What are the three most common lipids in living...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 3.4 - What is a peptide bond, and what type of reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 3.5 - What is the monomer of a nucleic acid...
Ch. 3.5 - What are the chemical differences between DNA and...Ch. 3 - Which functional group has a double bond and forms...Ch. 3 - Which of the following characteristics is not...Ch. 3 - Cellulose is to carbohydrate as: a. amino acid is...Ch. 3 - Maltose, sucrose, and lactose differ from one...Ch. 3 - Lipids that are liquid at room temperature: a. are...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements about steroids...Ch. 3 - The term secondary structure refers to a proteins:...Ch. 3 - The first and major effect in denaturation of...Ch. 3 - In living systems: a. proteins rarely combine with...Ch. 3 - RNA differs from DNA because: a. RNA may contain...Ch. 3 - Discuss Concepts Identify the following structures...Ch. 3 - Discuss Concepts Lipoproteins are relatively...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 3 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 3 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 3 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 3 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 3 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Using what you have learned in protein structure, explain 4 ways that the alpha helix could contribute to tertiary structure.arrow_forwardIf an amino acid sequence is altered, could that affect a protein's tertiary structure? Why or why not? 1. No, because the amino acid sequence is not part of a protein 2. Yes, because the amino acid sequence determines how a protein folds 3. Yes, because the tertiary structure is the amino acid sequence 4. No, because the tertiary structure is the amino acid sequencearrow_forwardHello, could you write me a paragraph about the importance of bonds and bonding in organisms. You can talk about any 1 of these topics: • 3.1.1 Monomers and polymers • 3.1.2 Carbohydrates • 3.1.3 Lipids • 3.1.4.1 General properties of proteins • 3.1.4.2 Many proteins are enzymes • 3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA • 3.1.5.2 DNA replication • 3.1.6 ATP • 3.1.7 Water – cohesion • 3.2.2 Mitosis • 3.2.3 Transport across cell membranes • 3.2.4 Cell recognition and the immune system • 3.3.3 Digestion and absorption • 3.3.4.1 Mass transport in animals – haemoglobin • 3.3.4.2 Mass transport in plants • 3.4.2 DNA and protein synthesis • 3.4.3 Mutation and meiosis • 3.5.1 Photosynthesis • 3.5.2 Respiration • 3.5.4 Nutrient cycles • 3.6.2.2 Synaptic transmission • 3.6.3 Skeletal muscles • 3.6.4.2 Control of blood glucose concentration • 3.6.4.3 Control of blood water potential • 3.8.1 Mutations • 3.8.2.2 Regulation of transcription and translation • 3.8.2.3 Gene…arrow_forward
- Hello, could you write me a paragraph about the importance of bonds and bonding in organisms. You can talk about any 1 of these topics: • 3.1.1 Monomers and polymers • 3.1.2 Carbohydrates • 3.1.3 Lipids • 3.1.4.1 General properties of proteins • 3.1.4.2 Many proteins are enzymes • 3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA • 3.1.5.2 DNA replication • 3.1.6 ATP • 3.1.7 Water – cohesion • 3.2.2 Mitosis • 3.2.3 Transport across cell membranes • 3.2.4 Cell recognition and the immune system • 3.3.3 Digestion and absorption • 3.3.4.1 Mass transport in animals – haemoglobin • 3.3.4.2 Mass transport in plants • 3.4.2 DNA and protein synthesis • 3.4.3 Mutation and meiosis • 3.5.1 Photosynthesis • 3.5.2 Respiration • 3.5.4 Nutrient cycles • 3.6.2.2 Synaptic transmission • 3.6.3 Skeletal muscles • 3.6.4.2 Control of blood glucose concentration • 3.6.4.3 Control of blood water potential • 3.8.1 Mutations • 3.8.2.2 Regulation of transcription and translation • 3.8.2.3 Gene…arrow_forwardBoth alpha-helices and beta-sheets (select any/all answers that apply): A. are examples of secondary structure. B. are stabilized by hydrogen-bonds between backbone atoms. C. are examples of tertiary structures. D. never contain proline residues. E. are commonly found in proteins.arrow_forwardIn a protein, a mutation occurs and results in phenylalanine being replaced by an alanine. This would. Select one: a. Always change the primary structure of the protein, never change the tertiary structure of function. O b. Always change the primary structure of a protein, sometimes affect tertiary structure and function. c Never change the primary structure, always affect secondary and tertiary structure and function. O d. Sometimes change the primary structure of a protein, always affect the tertiary structure, and sometimes affect function.arrow_forward
- According to scientist, the first three protein structures resemble a TELEPHONE CORD, try to envision the protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary) and discuss using your own words the analogy on why do you think the structure resembles the cord of a telephone.arrow_forwardThe three-dimensional conformation of a protein may be strongly influenced by amino acid residues that are very far apart in sequence. This relationship is in contrast to secondary structure, where the amino acid residues are: a. always side by side. b. generally near each other in sequence. c. invariably restricted to about 7 of the 20 standard amino acids. d. often on different polypeptide strands. e. usually near the polypeptide chain's amino terminus or carboxyl terminus.arrow_forwardwhich of the following is correct about the structure of proteins? a- the number of peptide bonds is equivalent to the number of amino acid residues b- the secondary structure of proteins are mostly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions c- protiens mostly composed of polar amino acids will have an elongated (fibrous) tertiary structure d- the quaternary structure of a protein is formed between or among similar polypeptides onlyarrow_forward
- Which of the following statments are correct about protein evolution (select all that apply)? A. Most proteins only contain one structural domain B. Most naturally occurring mutations in a protein domain will substantially disrupt the structure C. Many individual doamins contain specialized functions that may be swapped between proteins D. It is the cummulative effects of mutations in a domain that lead to new structures and functions. E. Only mixing and matching of domains allow proteins to create new structuresarrow_forwardWhich of the following is incorrect? a. The overall shape of an entire polypeptide including all its side chains is called its tertiary structure b. Only multimeric proteins have quaternary structure C. The amino acid sequence of a protein is called its primary structure d. None; all the other choices are correctarrow_forwardYou put albumin, the protein responsible for lipid transport through the blood, in methane, a hydrophobic solution. Would you expect albumin to still be functional? Yes the protein would still be functional because its primary structure remains intact Yes the protein would still be functional because it is used to carry lipids No the protein would not be functional because the peptide bonds would be dehydrated No the protein would not be functional because covalent bonds weaken and disrupt secondary structure No the protein would not be functional because the tertiary structure would change to maximize hydrophobic interactionsarrow_forward
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Biomolecules - Protein - Amino acids; Author: Tutorials Point (India) Ltd.;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySNVPDHJ0ek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY