Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of protons and electrons in neutral zinc atom needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
In an atom, number of protons and electrons can be calculated from
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of protons and electrons in Zn2+ ion needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
In an atom, number of protons and electrons can be calculated from atomic number and mass number. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons present in the neutral atom. The mass number is sum of number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom. The positive and negative ions are formed due to difference in the number of protons and electrons in an atom. If number of electrons is more, the ion will be negatively charged and if number of protons is more, the ion will be positively charged.
(c)
Interpretation:
The electronic configuration for the element Zinc needs to be written and the electrons which are lost in the formation of
Concept introduction:
Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. This helps to indicate electrons and orbitals easily.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- 2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms changes when proceeding down a group of the Periodic Table and explain why this change occurs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following sets contains an ionic compound, a molecular compound, and an acid, in that order? (A) Al2O3, B2O3, CH3OH; (B) CaCl2, NH4Cl, HCl; (C) CH3F, COCl2, HOCl; (D) CoCl2, COCl2, HClO2.arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first eight elements of the Periodic Table. (b) The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons. (c) In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. (d) When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change. (e) In forming ions, Group 2A elements typically lose two electrons to become cations with a charge of 12. (f) In forming an ion, a sodium atom (1s22s22p63s1) completes its valence shell by adding one electron to fill its 3s shell (1s22s22p63s2). (g) The elements of Group 6A typically react by ac- cepting two electrons to become anions with a charge of 22. (h) With the exception of hydrogen, the octet rule applies to all elements in periods 1, 2, and 3. (i) Atoms and the ions derived from…arrow_forward
- Based on Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale, would H2S be considered a polar molecule? Pick the best answer. (a) No. It would technically be considered a non-polar molecule. (b) No. Even though it contains polar bonds they are symmetrical and therefore H2S is non-polar. (c) No. The electronegativity difference between H and S is so great that it would be considered an ionic compound. (d) H2S violates the octet rule and therefore would not even existarrow_forwardMany chemical names are similar at first glance. Give the for-mulas of the species in each set: (a) ammonium ion and ammo-nia; (b) magnesium sulfide, magnesium sulfite, and magnesiumsulfate; (c) hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, and chlorous acid; (d) cuprous bromide and cupric bromidearrow_forwardUsing Lewis electron-dot symbols to depict the monatomic ions formed from each of the following reactants, predict the formula of the compound the ions produce.(Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.) (a) O and Ca (b) N and Mg (c) Br and Li (d) K and Parrow_forward
- (a) What is the formula of the ionic compound expected to form between the elements aluminum and sulfur? (b) What is the formula of the compound formed between the ions SO32- and K+? (c) What ions make up the ionic compound FePO4 ? Cation formula Anion formulaarrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) For Group 1A and Group 2A elements, the name of the ion each form is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion; for example, Mg21 is named magnesium ion. (b) H2 is named hydride ion. (c) The nucleus of H1 consists of one proton and one neutron. (d) Many transition and inner transition elements form more than one positively charged ion. (e) In naming metal cations with two different charges, the suffix -ous refers to the ion with a charge of 11 and -ic refers to the ion with a charge of 12. (f) Fe31 may be named either iron (III) ion or ferric ion. (g) The anion derived from a bromine atom is named bromine ion. (h) The anion derived from an oxygen atom is named oxide ion. (i) HCO3 2 is named hydrogen carbonate ion. (j) The prefix bi- in the name “bicarbonate” ion indicates that this ion has a charge of 22. (k) The hydrogen phosphate ion has a charge of 11, and the dihydrogen phosphate ion has a charge of 12. (l) The phosphate ion is PO3 42. (m)…arrow_forwardWhich of the following pairs react to form ioniccom-pounds: (a) Cl and Br; (b) Na and Br; (c) P and Se; (d) H and Ba?.arrow_forward
- 3. How many valence electrons are in a C atom? an Cl atom? (a) Write the full Lewis structure for the CH2C2 molecule. Show all lone pairs. Pert (b) Write the geometric structure for the CH2CI2 molecule and name the geometry. (c) Determine if the CH2CI2 molecule has polar or nonpolar bonds using the following electronegativity: C = 2.5, H = 2.1, CI = 3.0. Re-draw the geometric structure below, but this time include partial charges and dipole arrows for any polar bonds present. Justify your assignments for polar or nonpolar bonds.arrow_forwardIllustrated are four ions — A, B, X, and Y— showing their relative ionic radii. The ions shown in red carry positive charges: a 2+ charge for A and a 1+ charge for B. Ions shown in blue carry negative charges: a 1- charge for X and a 2- charge for Y. (a) Which combinations of these ions produce ionic compounds where there is a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions?(b) Among the combinations in part (a), which leads to the ionic compound having the largest lattice energy? Why?arrow_forwardChapter 2 3+ 2- + 2.62 Predict the chemical formulas of the compounds formed by the following pairs of ions: (a) Cr³+and Br, (b) Fe³+ and O², (c) Hg and CO (d) Ca and CIO, (e) NH and PO lon Ca2+ Fe 2+ A1³+ 2.64 Complete the table by filling in the formula for the ionic compound formed by each pair of cations and anions, as shown for the first pair. oz - NO3 SOA 504² 2- 3- Aso ASO4 04 + Na Na 2.66 Which of the following are ionic, and which are molecular? (a) PF (b) Nal, (c) SC, (d) Ca(NO₂) (e) FeCl (f) LaP, (g) COCO (h) ₂0 2.78 The oxides of nitrogen are very important components in urban air pollution. Name each of the following compounds: (a) NO, (b) NO, (c) NO₂ (d) N₂O (e) N04arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning