Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The ionization energy of the
Concept introduction: Bond energy is defined as the amount of energy required to break a
The bond order is calculated by difference between the anti-bonding electrons and the bonding electrons by two. This can be stated as,
To determine: The bond energy of
(b)
To determine: The difference between the bond energy between
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Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Consider the generic polyatomic ion XY3". Element X is the least electronegative. For neutral atoms, element X has 7 valence electrons and element Y has 6. The highest occupied principal energy level of the central atom is greater than 2. A. How many total valence electrons are in the molecule. B. Draw a BEST Lewis structure (i.e. a major resonance contributor) for this molecule. Show all valence electrons on your structure. C. If you haven't already, add the formal charge of each atom to the structure. Show at least one sample calculation for formal charge. D. Outline 4 short bullet points (~several words each) that explain why your structure from part B is the best one. Hint: think about what makes a valid structure and what makes a best structure. E. Perform a calculation to determine the average bond order between the X and Y atoms in your structure from part B. No credit will be given for just a number. F. Draw one more valid resonance structure other than the one from part B.…arrow_forward3. Draw all the possible resonance structures for each of the following molecules. a. SO₂ b. NO3 4. Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules. Describe how the bond angles would be altered based on the Lewis structure. a. CH₂S b. SC1₂ 9arrow_forward10. How many resonance structures are there for the CO32- ion? A. 3 B. 1 C. 4 D. 2arrow_forward
- If we were to compare the SINGLE bond in Fluorine to two people, what would the best comparison be ? A. Two people who work for the same boss but have different working hours? B Two kids in their first relationship,always arguing over the smallest things? C. Two people who happen to have the same father but different mothers? D. Two people in business who are trying to cheat each other out of money?arrow_forwardConsider the following species: NO*, NO,", and NO, a. Draw Lewis structures and, if applicable, resonance structures for each species. b. Rank the species in order of shortest bond length to longest. c. Count the number of sigma and pi bonds in each species.arrow_forwardMany Choice: How does resonance stabilize the NO3 ion? :Ö: :Ö: N [] [] O: :0 N a. Electron delocalization lowers the potential energy of electrons in the molecule b. Electron delocalization lowers the kinetic energy of electrons in the molecule Oc. Electrons spreading over a larger volume caused their potential energy get closer to zero d. Shifting of electrons from bond to bond reduces the energy of the systemarrow_forward
- 11. Which is a compound? steel water a. b. 12. If the volume of a substance is 98.2 cc and it has a mass 56.12 grams, it should have a density of kg/m³. a. 570 C. 571.5 b. 572 d. Answer is not among the choices 13. When the electronegativities of two atoms are about the same,_______result/s. a. Ionic bonds C. Polar covelent bonds b. Non-polar covalent bonds d. Both a and b 14. 80.45 g of charcoal was combined with 160.18 g of oxygen to produce ash and gases. How much ash, in grams, were left if 220.3 g of gases were produced? a. 20.3 b. 60.1 15. CH4 is the C. oxygen d. Both a and b a. structural b. empirical formula for methane. 16. Which is an element? a. sugar b. alcohol C. d. C. d. C. d. 79.7 Answer is not among the choices molecular Both b and c water None of the choices are elementsarrow_forwardWhich of the following species is/are not resonance form(s) of the anionic species in the box? II IV Select one: A. Il and IV B. I and II C. I and II D. IIarrow_forwardSulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) have somewhat different properties, in spite of of the fact that both are triatomic molecules with two terminal oxygen atoms. Explain why they are as different as they are? a. Draw the best Lewis Structure for both molecules in the space below: b. Write the correct formal charge value next to every single atom. c. Identify AND compare each of their following features in the Summary Table below: d. Draw all possible resonance structures (if any) and justify the best ones by citing the “Rule” for best Lewis Structure based on the formal charge distribution.arrow_forward
- 1.You have made structures of NH3 and H2CO molecules in the Part A of your lab report.Both NH3 and H2CO molecules have three electron groups around the central atom.However, their molecular geometries are not the same. Explain this difference. 2. Draw the Lewis electron dot structure for SCl2 and discuss its molecular geometry. IsSCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar? Explain your answer.arrow_forward3. In a pi bond, A. electron density lies along the internuclear axis. B. electron density lies above and below the internuclear axis. C. electrons are more dense than they are in sigma bonds. D. more than two electrons are involved in the bond.arrow_forwardIf we were to compare the TRIPLE bond in Nitrogen to two people ,what would the best comparison be? A Two people who go swimming but only one can go under water at any particular time? B. Two people whose shoes are always a little too small to fit on their feet properly? C.Two people who have been married for several decades and are totally devoted to each other? D. Two people who are constantly washing their hands out of fear for getting some sickness?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning