Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134293936
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 97E
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
The threeimportant contributing structures for the azide ion.
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Specify the formal charges (both sign and magnitude) on the atoms labelled a-c.
Draw the two resonance structures of CINO, with N as the central atom. Give the formal
charges of all of the atoms.
The azide ion, N3 - , is a symmetrical ion, all of whose contributing resonance structures have formal charges. Draw three important contributing structures for this ion.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is electronegativity? What are the periodic...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between a pure covalent...Ch. 5 - What is meant by the percent ionic character of a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4ECh. 5 - What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed...Ch. 5 - What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent...Ch. 5 - How do you determine the number of electrons that...Ch. 5 - What are resonance structures? What is a resonance...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9ECh. 5 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11ECh. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - What is bond energy?Ch. 5 - Give some examples of some typical bond lengths....Ch. 5 - Why is molecular geometry important? Cite some...Ch. 5 - According to VSEPR theory, what determines the...Ch. 5 - Name and draw the five basic electron geometries,...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between electron geometry...Ch. 5 - List the correct electron and molecular geometries...Ch. 5 - How do you apply VSEPR theory to predict the shape...Ch. 5 - How do you determine if a molecule is polar?Ch. 5 - Why is polarity a key connection between the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23ECh. 5 - Determine if a bond between each pair of atoms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 25ECh. 5 - Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. NF3...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. CH2O...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5 - Prob. 32ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion...Ch. 5 - Prob. 34ECh. 5 - Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36ECh. 5 - Use formal charge to determine which Lewis...Ch. 5 - Prob. 38ECh. 5 - How important is this resonance structure to the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 40ECh. 5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5 - Prob. 42ECh. 5 - Determine the formal charges of the atoms shown in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 44ECh. 5 - Prob. 45ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet...Ch. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion....Ch. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion....Ch. 5 - List these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 5 - Which of these compounds has the stronger...Ch. 5 - A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 5 - A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 5 - For each molecular geometry shown here, list the...Ch. 5 - For each molecular geometry shown here, list the...Ch. 5 - Determine the electron geometry, molecular...Ch. 5 - Determine the electron geometry, molecular...Ch. 5 - Which species has the smaller bond angle, H3O+ or...Ch. 5 - Which species has the smaller bond angle; C1O4- or...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry and draw each...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry and draw each...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry about each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - Prob. 66ECh. 5 - Prob. 67ECh. 5 - Determine the geometry about each interior atom in...Ch. 5 - Explain why CO2 and CCl4 are both nonpolar even...Ch. 5 - CH3F is a polar molecule, even though the...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each molecule in Exercise 57 is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - Determine whether each molecule or ion is polar or...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each molecule is polar or...Ch. 5 - Each compound contains both ionic and covalent...Ch. 5 - Prob. 76ECh. 5 - Carbon ring structures are common in organic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 78ECh. 5 - Prob. 79ECh. 5 - Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive...Ch. 5 - Prob. 81ECh. 5 - Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas that was used...Ch. 5 - The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion...Ch. 5 - Prob. 84ECh. 5 - Prob. 85ECh. 5 - Prob. 86ECh. 5 - Prob. 87ECh. 5 - Prob. 88ECh. 5 - Prob. 89ECh. 5 - Free radicals are important in many...Ch. 5 - A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is...Ch. 5 - A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 93ECh. 5 - The genetic code is based on four different bases...Ch. 5 - Prob. 95ECh. 5 - Prob. 96ECh. 5 - Prob. 97ECh. 5 - A 0.167-g sample of an unknown compound contains...Ch. 5 - Use the dipole moments of HF and HCI (given at the...Ch. 5 - One form of phosphorus exists as P4 molecules....Ch. 5 - A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not...Ch. 5 - Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide (CH3CONH2),...Ch. 5 - Prob. 103ECh. 5 - In the very first chapter of this book, we...Ch. 5 - Which statement best captures the fundamental idea...Ch. 5 - Prob. 106ECh. 5 - Have each member of your group represent an atom...Ch. 5 - Prob. 108ECh. 5 - Prob. 109ECh. 5 - Prob. 110ECh. 5 - Pass a piece of paper around the group and ask...Ch. 5 - Prob. 112ECh. 5 - At least two different numbers of electron groups...Ch. 5 - Prob. 114ECh. 5 - The VSEPR model is useful in predicting bond...Ch. 5 - Which set of elements is arranged in order of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 5 - Which pair of atoms forms the most polar bond? C...Ch. 5 - Which pair of atoms forms a nonpolar covalent...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 5 - Predict the relative bond angles in BF3 and SO2Ch. 5 - Predict the molecular geometry about N in the...Ch. 5 - Which molecule is polar?
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- Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forwardAssign formal charges to all atoms in the following Lewis diagrams. (a) SO42 (b) S2O32 (c) SbF3 (d) SCNarrow_forwardThe carbonate anion, CO32- , is a resonance hybrid. Draw all of the important resonance structures for this molecule. If an atom has a nonzero formal charge, be sure the formal charge is shown clearly in the structure. Use the resonance structures to calculate the average formal charge on each O atom (which are all equivalent in the "true" structure). [Note: all of the important contributing resonance structures have octets around each atom that desires an octet.]arrow_forward
- Write the Lewis structures for CH2N2, including all resonance forms, and show formal charges.arrow_forwardThe hypochlorite ion, ClO-, is the active ingredient inbleach. The perchlorate ion, ClO4-, is a main componentof rocket propellants. Draw Lewis structures for both ions. (a) What is the formal charge of Cl in the hypochlorite ion?(b) What is the formal charge of Cl in the perchlorate ion, assumingthe Cl—O bonds are all single bonds? (c) What is theoxidation number of Cl in the hypochlorite ion? (d) Whatis the oxidation number of Cl in the perchlorate ion, assumingthe Cl—O bonds are all single bonds? (e) In a redox reaction,which ion would you expect to be more easily reduced?arrow_forwardSome chemists believe that satisfaction of the octet rule should be the top criterion for choosing the dominant Lewis structure of a molecule or ion. Other chemists believe that achieving the best formal charges should be the top criterion. Consider the dihydrogen phosphate ion, HaPO, , in which the H atoms are bonded to O atoms. (a) What is the predicted dominant Lewis structure if satisfying the octet rule is the top eriterion? (b) What is the predicted dominant Lewis structure if achieving the best formal charges is the top criterion?arrow_forward
- Using the bond energy data from your text (or the internet), determine (show calculations for) the approximate enthalpy change , ∆H, for each of the following reactions: (a) Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) ⟶ 2ClF3 (g) (b) H2C=CH2 (g) + H2 (g) ⟶ H3CCH3 (g)arrow_forwardWhich of the Lewis structures for NO is dominantly based on analysis of the formal charges?arrow_forwardWhat are the Lewis structures for each of these; NO2+, NO2-, N2O, N2O5, N2O3?arrow_forward
- Write all resonance structures for NCO− ion. Use formal charges to predict the most stable one (i.e. the one that has the lowest energy configuration) and the least stable. Briefly explain.arrow_forwardWhat is the formal charge on the anionic molecule (BrO3)-?arrow_forwardDraw three resonance structures for carbonate ion, CO32-, and assign formal charges on all the atoms.arrow_forward
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