(a)
Interpretation:
The alkene required to produce the product with set of conditions that is
Concept introduction:
Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.
Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.
Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.
The curved arrows are generally used to indicate the flow of electrons present in the reaction.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
In addition reaction of
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.
Oxidizing Reagents: The chemical agents used to add oxygen or remove hydrogen which finally reduced on oxidizing the other compound.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Carbocation stability order:
Ozonolysis Reaction: It is an oxidative reaction which is used to oxidize the carbon-carbon double and triple bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
The alkene required to produce the product with set of conditions that is ketone compound with three carbons with it should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.
Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.
Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.
Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.
The curved arrows are generally used to indicate the flow of electrons present in the reaction.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.
Oxidizing Reagents: The chemical agents used to add oxygen or remove hydrogen which finally reduced on oxidizing the other compound.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Carbocation stability order:
Ozonolysis Reaction: It is an oxidative reaction which is used to oxidize the carbon-carbon double and triple bond.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- a. Which of the following alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acid? b. Which is resistant to oxidation? c. Which produces unsymmetrical ketone after oxidation? d. Which produces a tri-substituted alkene as the sole product in elimination reaction?arrow_forwardWhat alkene can be used to prepare each alcohol as the exclusive product of a two-step hydroboration–oxidation sequence?arrow_forwardExplain why an acetal can be isolated but most hydrates cannot be isolated.arrow_forward
- Why aldehydes and ketones do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction?arrow_forwardWhy is it not advisable to use aqueous hydrochloric acid in a Grignard reaction of a ketone? A) The Grignard reagent will react with the acid and cannot react with the ketone. B) The ketone will be protonated and will become unreactive. C) The ketone will form an unreactive enol. D) The Grignard reagent won't dissolve in aqueous solutionsarrow_forward48. Which set of reagents would accomplish this conversion H. H. CH3OH with H* as a catalyst NaH followed by CH3OH CH3ONA followed CH3OH CH3ONA followed by CH3Br a. b. C. d.arrow_forward
- 1 When epoxides react, they undergo ring-opening by a cleavage of the C-O bond. Why is it easier to break a C-O bond of an epoxide compared to breaking a C-O bond of other ethers? A. A more stable carbocation is formed when an epoxide ring-opens. B. Breaking the epoxide C-O bond relieves the strain of a three-member ring. C. Epoxide ring opening conforms to a faster E2 mechanism. D. Mechanistically, the epoxide carbon always becomes protonated, enhancing it's ring opening reactivity.arrow_forward1 When epoxides react, they undergo ring-opening by a cleavage of the C-O bond. Why is it easier to break a C-O bond of an epoxide compared to breaking a C-O bond of other ethers? A. A more stable carbocation is formed when an epoxide ring-opens. B. Breaking the epoxide C-O bond relieves the strain of a three-member ring. C. Epoxide ring opening conforms to a faster E2 mechanism. D. Mechanistically, the epoxide carbon always becomes protonated, enhancing it's ring opening reactivity. 2. Which of the following is NOT an organometallic compound? A. CH,CH,CH,Li (CH3)₂Zn D. K [O-C(CH3)3)]¯ 3. Which carbon-metal bond has the largest ionic character? (Given: electronegativities: C 2.5, Al 1.5, Mg 1.2, Zn 1.6, Cu 1.9) A. C-Zn B. C-Mg C. C-Cu A 4 Which of the following is the correct mechanism for epoxide ring opening in basic solution (hydroxide catalyzed) ? Choose either A or B. CH₂ 70% CH₂ H-O-H B. (CH₂CH₂) Pb C. e :OH CH: CH₂ ✪. H B • H-O-H CH₂ CH; :0: D. C-Al :OH :OH CH₂ CH₂ :OH :OH CH;…arrow_forwardWhat is the major difference between the base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed processes for nucleophilic addition of water to aldehydes and ketones? a. The base-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because hydroxide ion is a much better nucleophile than neutral water. b. The rate of reaction in base catalyzed process is slower than acid catalyzed process. c. The acid-catalyzed reaction takes place rapidly because the protonated carbonyl compound is a much better electrophile than the neutral compound. d. Only 1 and 3 are correct.arrow_forward
- Hydroxy aldehydes A and B readily cyclize to form hemiacetals. Draw the stereoisomers formed in this reaction from both A and B. Explain why this process gives an optically inactive product mixture from A and an optically active product mixture from B.arrow_forwardDraw the product obtained by heating each pair of ketones in a basic solution.arrow_forwardExplain nucleophilic substitution to form an aldehyde ?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY