The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Concept Introduction: Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

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Students have asked these similar questions

(a) Rank elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization energy, and (iii) reactivity. (b) Explain why atomic size decreases from left to right, but increases from top to bottom; (c) Explain why ionization energy increases from left to right, but decreases from top to bottom; (d) Explain why the reactivity of alkali metals (Group-1) increases from top to bottom, where as the reactivity of halogen (Group-17) decreases from top to bottom.

(i) Write the equation that represents the first electron affinity of Selenium (Se). (ii) Do you expect this process to be exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer.

Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.85QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 8 - Define an isoelectronic series. Give the symbols...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2QE Ch. 8 - Graph the atomic radii versus atomic number of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9QE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10QE

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Concept Introduction: Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Solution Summary: The author explains the changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Concept Introduction: Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Solution Summary: The author explains the changes in ionization energy from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Concept Introduction: Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Interpretation: The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined. Concept Introduction: The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 8 Solutions

Interpretation:

The changes in size from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

Interpretation:

The changes in electron affinity from potassium to calcium have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The change in energy when an electron is added to the neutral gaseous atom is known as electron affinity. An anion is formed in this process.