Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
How the
Concept Introduction:
The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.
Thus,
Where, k is the rate constant.
(b)
Interpretation:
How the rate of the reaction between bromomethane and hydroxide ion be affected when the concentration of the alkyl halide is cut in half and the concentration of the nucleophile is not changed has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The relationship between the rate of the reaction and concentrations of the given nucleophile and alkyl halide can be represented as follows.
Thus,
Where, k is the rate constant.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
- What is the effect of doubling the concentration of ethyl bromide in the second step of this reaction? the reaction rate decreases by half the reaction rate stays the same HO 1. NaH the reaction rate doubles 2. Br the reaction rate quadruplesarrow_forwardWhat happened to the rate of this reaction if the concentration of ethanol is doubled?arrow_forwardWhat can you say about the rate of non-fundamental response: a. The rate of reaction is equal to the rate of the first stage in the reaction mechanism in which the reactant disintegrates. b. The reaction rate is equal to the fastest fundamental reaction rate. c. The rate of reaction is determined by the rate of product formation with the largest molar mass. d. The rate of reaction is determined by the slowest fundamental reaction rate at which the product is formed.arrow_forward
- The rate of reaction was determined at a temperature of 30°C. If the temperature was increased to 50°C, how much faster is this reaction rate? a. double b. triple c. quadruple d. 8x as fastarrow_forwardCHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER. Which atom in the reaction mechanism is the nucleophile?* Reaction mechanisms of organic molecules (alcohol to carboxylic acid) a. Chloride anion b. Hydroxyl group c. Carboxyl carbon d. Methyl grouparrow_forwardWhat explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self- condensation reactions in basic conditions? A. The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon a an electrophile B. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile C. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group D. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactionsarrow_forward
- Which of the following does not support a nucleophilic attack of a covalent catalysis? a. Hydroxyl b. Sulfhydryl c. Imidazole d. Amino e. Methylarrow_forward13. In the following energy level profile for the addition of HBR to alkene, indicate by the following letters: A. The reactants B. The products C. The carbocation intermediate D. The activation energy of the slow step E. The activation energy of the fast step F. The overall AE of the reaction Is the overall reaction endothermic or exothermic? Reaction Progress Energyarrow_forwardUse the dropdown menu to indicate whether the rate of the reaction shown below will increase, decrease, or remain the same when the reaction conditions are changed to X or to Y or to Z (see below). NaCN Br CN CH3CN X: Change the leaving group from Br to CI Y: Increase the concentration of haloalkane Z: Increase the concentration of NaCN X: choose your answer... Y: choose your answer... Z: choose your answer... >arrow_forward
- In a typical S2 reaction mechanism, which of the following statements is generally true? Select one: A. Neutral nucleophile molecules are more reactive than anionic nucleophiles. B. Reaction rates mainly depend on the concentration of the nucleophile. C. It is a two-step reaction mechanism. D. A racemic mixture of (S)- and (R)-isomers are obtained when a chiral carbon centre is involved.arrow_forwardQUESTION 7 Identify the best nucleophile in a substitution reaction at a primary carbon. a. H2O b. (CH3)3CO- c. CH3CH2O- d. HO-arrow_forwardBr b Draw the intermediate that reacts with halogen in this reaction.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning