Concept explainers
Ethylene oxide is an intermediate in the manufacture or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) and polyester
(a) What are the bond angles in the ring? Comment on the relation between the bond angles expected based on hybridization an d the bond angles expected for a three-member ring.
(b) Is the molecule polar? Based on the electrostatic poten1ial map shown below. where do the neg-alive and positive charges lie in the molecule?
Polarity: It is a well separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or chemical compounds having an electrical dipole moment. Generally the polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a different in electronegative between the bonded atoms.
The electrostatic potential map clearly to explain, the oxygen atom has more negative (δ–) charge and other side has less positive (δ–) charge, so this molecule is a more polar nature.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- (a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?arrow_forwardFor each statement, indicate whether it is true or false. (a) The greater the orbital overlap in a bond, the weaker the bond. [b] The greater the orbital overlap in a bond, the shorter the bond. [c] To create a hybrid orbital, you could use the s orbital on one atom with a p orbital on another atom. [d] Nonbonding electron pairs cannot occupy a hybrid orbital.arrow_forward(a) Draw a lewis structure of HCN molecule. (b) Draw the orbital energy diagram to describe the hybridization process of C and N in the molecule. (c) Draw a labelled diagram of orbitals overlapping in HCN.arrow_forward
- A compound composed of 2.1% H, 29.8% N, and 68.1% Ohas a molar mass of approximately 50 g>mol. (a) Whatis the molecular formula of the compound? (b) What isits Lewis structure if H is bonded to O? (c) What is the geometryof the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofthe orbitals around the N atom? (e) How many s and howmany p bonds are there in the molecule?arrow_forwardindicate the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules. 1 (a) H 0-N=ö 2. Н 4 H. (b) H C-c=0 H H H (c) H-N-O–H . H. (d) H-C-C=N: H.arrow_forwardChloral (Cl₃C—CH=O) forms a monohydrate, chloralhydrate, the sleep-inducing depressant called “knockout drops”in old movies. (a) Write two possible structures for chloral hy-drate, one involving hydrogen bonding and one that is a Lewis adduct. (b) What spectroscopic method could be used to identify the real structure? Explain.arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.arrow_forward(a) State the hybrid orbitals for C1,C2,O1 and O2 (b) state the number of π bonds present (c) State teh number of C atoms with sp2 hybridization.arrow_forwardIn the hydrocarbon: (a) What is the hybridization at each carbon atom in themolecule? (b) How many σ bonds are there in the molecule?(c) How many π bonds? (d) Identify all the 120° bond anglesin the molecule.arrow_forward
- (a) Construct a Lewis structure for O2 in which each atomachieves an octet of electrons. (b) How many bondingelectrons are in the structure? (c) Would you expect theO¬O bond in O2 to be shorter or longer than the O¬Obond in compounds that contain an O¬O single bond?Explain.arrow_forwardH genistein HO, H H : ОН HO, H (a) Is the hybridization of each C in the right-most ring the same? Explain. (b) Is the hybridization of the O atoms in/on the center ring the same as that of the O atoms in the OH groups? Explain. (c) How many carbon-oxygen o-bonds are there in genistein? How many carbon-oxygen n-bonds? (d) Do all the lone pairs on the oxygens occupy the same type of hybrid orbital? Explain by labeling the hybridization of each oxygen atom in genistein.arrow_forward3) Which statement best describe the structure of a carbonate anion C02- ? A) The electron geometry of carbon in a carbonate anion is trigonal planar with a sp2 hybridization and bond angles are 120°. There is a n-bond formed between a non-hybridized "C" p-orbital overlapping with an "O" p-orbital. C) The electron geometry of carbon in a carbonate anion is trigonal planar with a sp2 hybridization and bond angles are 120°. There is a 7-bond formed between a non-hybridized “C" p-orbital overlapping with an “O" p-orbital.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning