Interpretation:
The reason behind relatively higher boiling point of water has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
London forces:
London(dispersion) forces happen because sometimes, when adjacent molecules line up so that they form temporary dipoles, there is a weak force of attraction between the end of one molecule where more of the electrons are accumulating at the moment and the end of a second molecule where the electrons are not staying at the moment. London(dispersion) forces are present between molecules of all molecular substances.
Hydrogen bonding:
Hydrogen bonding is a special form of dipole-dipole interaction. When a hydrogen atom is bonded to a small, electronegative atom (like
Dipole-dipole Interaction:
This kind of attraction occurs between permanent dipoles in adjacent polar molecules or between two polar groups in the same large molecule. Molecules having permanent dipoles attract each other when the partial positive region of one is close to the partial negative region of another.
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Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Consider the iodine monochloride molecule, ICI. Because chlorine is more electronegative than iodine, this molecule is a dipole. How would you expect iodine monochloride molecules in the gaseous state to orient themselves with respect to each other as the sample is cooled and the molecules begin to aggregate? Sketch the orientation you would expect.arrow_forwardAn amorphous solid can sometimes be converted to a crystalline solid by a process called annealing. Annealing consists of heating the substance to a temperature just below the melting point of the crystalline form and then cooling it slowly. Explain why this process helps produce a crystalline solid.arrow_forwardExplain why liquids assume the shape of any container into which they are poured, whereas solids are rigid and retain their shape.arrow_forward
- Why do the boiling points of the noble gases increase in the order HeNeArKrXe?arrow_forwardAre changes in state physical or chemical changes? Explain. What type of forces must be overcome to melt or vaporize a substance (are these forces intramolecular or intermolecular)? Define the molar heat of fusion and molar heat of vaporization. Why is the molar heat of vaporization of water so much larger than its molar heat of fusion? Why does the boiling point of a liquid vary with altitude?arrow_forwardWater has a high boiling point given its relatively low molarmass. Explain.arrow_forward
- There are three sets of sketches below, showing the same pure molecular compound (carbon monoxide, molecular formula CO) at three different temperatures. The sketches are drawn as if a sample of carbon monoxide were under a microscope so powerful that individual atoms could be seen. Only one sketch in each set is correct. Use the slider to choose the correct sketch in each set. You may need the following information: melting point of CO: - 205. °C boiling point of CO: – 192. °C В |(Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) 3 4 4 - 200. °C -209. °C - 153. °C JAN w 14 MacBook Air DD 80 000 F11 F10arrow_forwardThe normal boiling point temperatures of the Noble gases are tabulated below. Noble gas He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Boiling Point (K) 4.32 27.23 87.34 121.4 166.6 211.2 Explain the trend in these temperatures in terms of molar mass the cohesive force.arrow_forward
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