A summing amplifier can be used as a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).An example of a 4-bit DAC is shown in Figure P9.37. When switch S 3 isconnected to the − 5 V supply, the most significant bit is a 3 = 1 ; when S 3 isconnected to ground, the most significant bit is a 3 = 0 . The same conditionapplies to the other switches S 2 , S 1 , and S o , corresponding to bits a 2 , a 1 , and a o , where a o , is the least significant bit. (a) Show that the output voltage isgiven by v o = R F 10 [ a 3 2 + a 2 4 + a 1 8 + a 0 16 ] ( 5 ) where R F is in k Ω . (b) Find the value of R F such that v o = 2.5 V when thedigital input is a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 1000 . (c) Using the results of part (b), find v o for: (i) a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 0001 ,and(ii) a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 1111 .
A summing amplifier can be used as a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).An example of a 4-bit DAC is shown in Figure P9.37. When switch S 3 isconnected to the − 5 V supply, the most significant bit is a 3 = 1 ; when S 3 isconnected to ground, the most significant bit is a 3 = 0 . The same conditionapplies to the other switches S 2 , S 1 , and S o , corresponding to bits a 2 , a 1 , and a o , where a o , is the least significant bit. (a) Show that the output voltage isgiven by v o = R F 10 [ a 3 2 + a 2 4 + a 1 8 + a 0 16 ] ( 5 ) where R F is in k Ω . (b) Find the value of R F such that v o = 2.5 V when thedigital input is a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 1000 . (c) Using the results of part (b), find v o for: (i) a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 0001 ,and(ii) a 3 a 2 a 1 a 0 = 1111 .
Solution Summary: The author explains the expression for the output voltage in Figure 1. Mark the values and redraw the circuit.
A summing amplifier can be used as a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).An example of a 4-bit DAC is shown in Figure P9.37. When switch
S
3
isconnected to the
−
5
V
supply, the most significant bit is
a
3
=
1
; when
S
3
isconnected to ground, the most significant bit is
a
3
=
0
. The same conditionapplies to the other switches
S
2
,
S
1
, and
S
o
, corresponding to bits
a
2
,
a
1
, and
a
o
, where
a
o
, is the least significant bit. (a) Show that the output voltage isgiven by
v
o
=
R
F
10
[
a
3
2
+
a
2
4
+
a
1
8
+
a
0
16
]
(
5
)
where
R
F
is in
k
Ω
. (b) Find the value of
R
F
such that
v
o
=
2.5
V
when thedigital input is
a
3
a
2
a
1
a
0
=
1000
. (c) Using the results of part (b), find
v
o
for: (i)
a
3
a
2
a
1
a
0
=
0001
,and(ii)
a
3
a
2
a
1
a
0
=
1111
.
QUESTION 2: Consider an ideal inverting op-amp in Figure P9.14.
Given R1 = 5 kN, R2 = 10.7 kN, and R1 = 3.6 kN. Input voltage is v7=
-0.76 V.
Determine vo, i2, i̟, and io.
vo (V)
i2 (HA)
Format : 5.3437
Format : -776
i (μA)
Format : 696.97339287623
io (HA)
Format : 904.94972275523
R2
R1
www
io
O vo
RL
Figure P9.14
100 W at 60 V from a
Specify the
2 percent.
size.
Design a buck-boost converter to supply a load of
30 V source. The output ripple must be no more than
duty ratio, switching frequency,
inductor size, and capacitor
QUESTION 3: The parameters of the two inverting op-amp circuits
connected in cascade in Figure P9.16 are R1 = 11 k2, R2 = 78 kN, R3 =
18 kN, and R4 = 81 kN.
For input voltage vị=-0.13 V, calculate vo1, vo, iz, and i4.
'oi (V)
Format : 0.63779726829547
vo (V)
i2 (HA)
14 (HA)
Format : -6.9832445578297
Format : -98.827586356923
Format : 85.624732255563
R2
R4
R1
iz
R3
i4
ww ola
i
voi
Figure P9.16
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