Anti-diabetic drug

are the new class of anti-diabetic drugs that are the first to be able to manage glycaemia goals. Troglitazone was first approved for the market in 1997, but it was withdrawn from the market by 2000. After the withdrawal of troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were introduced in 1999 as potentially safer alternatives. However, currently rosiglitazone is under black box warning for increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pioglitazone is in a nutshell as the drug required more investigation

Faculty of pharmacy Pharmacology and toxicology department Clinical Pharmacology PO512 Assignment Drug interaction with Anti-diabetic drugs Amany Essma Ahmed 136097 Prof.Dr. Amany El-Brairy Assistants AL. Maha Shouman AL. Heba Hossam Introduction Diabetes is considered as insulin secretion deficiency that diagnosed easily by low blood glucose level (Wilson, 2001). There are very common signs and symptoms such as polyphagia, polyuria and polydipsia, thus major complications will be observed

includes a direct medical cost of $176 billion and $69 billion in reduced productivity [5]. In order to avoid and delay the short- and long term complications, the patients are prescribed with multiple treatment modalities such as oral hypoglycemic drugs and

Introduction: The article published by American Journal of Nursing discussed about a case report and evidence in choosing among available drugs for the patient that has diabetes mellitus. In December 2012, it was reported that there are merely 26.9 % of people aged 65 and above living in the United States has been diagnosed with diabetes. Also, it is stated that there are about 13.7 % of American ages 45-64 and 2 million people ages 20 and older have the disease. There are two types of diabetes;

Introduction: • Oral anti diabetic agents are used as pharmacotherapy options mainly for type 2 diabetes patients or as an adjuvant therapy for type 1 diabetes patients, who need an oral agent along with insulin/insulin analogues for better glycemic control. There are a wide variety of oral anti diabetic drug classes that are available. The choice of pharmacotherapy is patient specific and usually a stepped therapy approach is applied and titrated as per individual patient requirements. The article

levels of normal rats, but a decrease in diabetic rats (Hassan et al., 2010). Thus there is a need to further investigate the hypoglycemic activity of Gynura procumbens. Statement of the Problem What is the hypoglycemic activity of Gynura prcumbens leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic male mice? Objective of the Study The present study will be conducted to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. in Alloxan-induced diabetic male mice. Significance of the Study

CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years

Rozenfeld et all 2008 in his article evaluated the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in diabetic patients. In his retrospective study, he conducted a research in a medical center where he found the relation between the glycosylated hemoglobin and adherence. In his study, 80% of the participants were adherent to the therapy showing inverse relationship with HbA1C level. As the level of adherence increases in patients the HbA1C would decrease below 7% proving its adherence. Most of the patients

Class III: Meglitinides The meglitinides are short-acting drugs. They are similar to sulfonylureas in that they augment insulin secretion or insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. They are only slightly less effective than sulfonylureas in reducing glycemia. They are not sulfonylureas and can be used in patients allergic to sulfonylureas. They cause less hypoglycemia as compared to sulfonylureas .They have a similar risk for weight gain though as the sulfonylureas. The 2 meglitinides that

and neuropathy. Follow up of the subjects in UKPDS after 10 years have shown a distinct improvement in outcomes like mortality, microvascular disease and macrovascular disease in subjects who were intensively controlled. Various classes of oral anti diabetic agents, insulin and GLP-1 agonists form the armamentarium against hyperglycaemia. Despite the availability of these agents, the overall control of hyperglycaemia remains suboptimal. Sodium linked Glucose Co- Transporter-2