Case 1: Chevron October 24, 2011 Introduction of the Company Chevron began with the discovery of oil north of Los Angeles in 1879 and was originally named the Pacific Coast Oil Company. Later John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil bought Pacific Oil in 1900 to form Standard Oil (California). In 1911, the Sherman Antitrust Act would force the breakup of the parent Standard Oil and Chevron became Standard Oil of California or Socal. Socal would go on to form joint venture with Texaco in 1936 to form Caltex, to develop and market oil in the Middle East and Indonesia. It would then go on to form the Aramco partnership in the Middle East, which composed of Socal, Texaco, Exxon and Mobil but by 1980, Aramco was completely owned by the …show more content…
Each play an important role in Chevron operations to ensure each area of operation is properly addressed and executed successfully. Financial Analysis Chevron is the second largest producer in the U.S. and one of the six largest producers of oil in the world. In 2009, Chevron reported Q3 earnings of $3.83 billion compared to the $7.89 billion reported in Q3 of 2008. Chevron had total revenue of $273 billion, its total cost and expenses were $37 and had a net income of $24 billion in 2008. For the first 9 months of 2009 earnings were $7.41 billion, down 61% from $19.04 billion in the first 9 months of 2008. Chevron’s net profit margin in 2008 was 8.8 percent, slightly lower than the industry average of 10 percent, its debt to equity ratio was only .10 less than the industry average of .25, making it easier for Chevron to borrow more if needed. In 2008 Chevron had a return on equity of 27.6 percent surpassing the industry average of 19 percent and a price per earnings ratio of 8.2 times. Chevron performed well when it came to management efficiency. Their income per employee was 372,758 outperforming the industry standard and S&P and had $4 million in revenue per employee. They had an inventory turnover of 23.2 and an asset turnover of 1.2, again outperforming both the industry average and S&P.
The company thrived immediately from the beginning so they started buying out their competitors. The company made very quick moves, so they eventually controlled most of the refineries in Cleveland. Then, they started to make deals with railroads to ship their oil and they started purchasing terminals and pipelines to handle the transportation of their oil. The Standard Oil Company started to buy their own plots of land for drilling and for lumber. By doing this, they started owning every part of the oil business. Standard then started buying out other competitors on the east and west coast. Through this, they established a monopoly, and controlled around 90% of the United States’ oil
Competition in the oil industry is separated by about 10 cents here in the US. The difference between ARCCO, Shell, Mobil, and Chevron, is between 1 and 10 cents. Oil companies don’t compete with each other. With gas prices constantly fluctuating towards the $3 mark, there is little room to raise prices. Consumers will not pay 25 cents more for a gallon of gas. Although Chevron Texaco and ExxonMobil make have a slight difference in price at the pump, the will not try to do anything to rock the boat.
Rockefeller. Rockefeller is known for being the co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated all of the oil industry and was labeled as the first great United States business trust. He started by creating an oil refinery and through horizontal integration he bought out his competition. By the 1870’s he started using the vertical integration method and bought the materials used to make the pipes for the use of the oil. The Company grew so much that he set up Headquarters all over the United States to control it. By 1882 a monopoly took over the oil businesses in search of dominance and power over the oil industry. Standard Oil replaced the kerosene distribution with its own vertical system by using tanks cars and wagons; thus improving the quality and availability of the kerosene product and also reducing its price for the public. Standard Oil’s method of beating their competition was by underselling the oil and secret transportation
The Standard Oil Trust of Ohio was and American oil producing, refining, and transporting company. It was founded in 1863 by John D. Rockefeller and lasted until 1911. During 1868, Rockefeller expanded the oil company to become the largest oil refining company in the world. In 1870, the company was renamed Standard Oil Company. After it was renamed, Rockefeller purchased most of the oil companies that were currently in business to make one large company.
The largest world supplier oil company is Saudi Aramco. It is the most profitable company on the earth. Since it is the most powerful oil company, it has a great impact on the world economy. As a result, a strong international relationship was built with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the strong developing of international relationship with other industrial countries resulted in massive contributions to the politics, economy, and many different aspects. In 1933, Saudi government bestowed oil concession to California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Chevron). The main factor for this grant was to explore the oil in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After discovering a huge amount of oil, part of the
Pioneer Petroleum Corporation (PPC) has two major problems that are interfering with the goal of the firm to maximize shareholder wealth. The first is that PPC has been calculating their weighted average cost of capital incorrectly, by incorrectly calculating their after tax cost of debt and their cost of equity. This miscalculation has subjected PPC to more risk and has hurt the company’s ability to make appropriate investment decisions. This has also led PPC to accepting investment decisions that should not have been included within their acceptable range. Second, PPC has been using a single company-wide rate for their multi-divisional company. In either instance the company is not
The TexasAgs oil company case study gave us insights on different aspects of a negotiation that can happen in real world scenarios. It elegantly portrayed the importance of having a BATNA, setting target and restriction points, impact of the fluctuating markets on the ongoing negotiations, downside of the emotional behavior, importance of having a third party member or mediator in the negotiation. The case illustrates that the negotiations should be based assumptions as they may or may not be right. Having facts and understanding the other parties true objectives and goals are truly essential in negotiation. It is a typical example of how the current power on one side can dominate and take complete advantage of their position.
Pacific Oil Company is a Sweetwater Oil company of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was founded in 1902. One of the major chemical lines of Pacific's is the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).
Exxon and Chevron are no doubt some of the leading incorporated oil companies on the globe. Exxon Corp. is the second largest oil firm after Royal Dutch Shell, it is respected for getting the biggest revenue return in 2008 which no company in the U.S. have ever reported before. According to Wilson (2009) Chevron has managed to show a lot of profitability in the market despite the decease in its oil production. It graded as one of firms which made a billion dollars profit within a week in the period of July to September 2008. Regardless of profitability trends set by the two oil firms in the U.S. market, they have been facing financial decline like the rest of the companies in other industries. The two firms are like two sailing ships which are taking longer time to sink. In the last few years, the production capacity of Chevron and Exxon has decreased and their listings on the stock market have become weak. The continuation of construction and drilling which requires billions of dollars in expense of oil production might make them experience a bigger financial crisis (Wilson, 2009).
Exxon Mobile is one of the most successful companies in the oil and energy industries today. But what makes them so successful? In an effort to answer this question, a thorough internal investigation can be helpful in determining what aspects of this company are making it an industry leader. Two aspects of this internal analysis of Exxon Mobile are the company’s resources and capabilities.
The value of being prepared cannot be overstated when it comes to negotiations. Failure to understand one 's best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) options is one example of poor planning that can leave a party at the mercy of another. Such is the case of the Pacific Oil Company (POC) case study where POC and Reliant Corporation worked together to negotiate a business contract for the supply and purchase of a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) product. The negotiation process did not go as planned, and the following will explain the case overview, provide insight to the various negotiation styles and tactics utilized in the negotiation process, and explore the anticipated outcome of the contract negotiations.
1. Evaluate the economics of Gulf's exploration and development program in net present value terms. How do Gulf's outlay for exploration and development compare to cash returns Gulf generates from these activities.
When entering into contract negotiations, the objective of each side is to obtain a contract of greatest benefit to their organization. This desirable outcome never happens by chance; it is always the result of careful planning. A critical part of this planning is understainding the role of power. This includes determining who possesses the power in bargaining, and establishing strrategies to bargain with individiuals who have more power than you. This power is needed to obtain the advantage in negotiating which will increase the liklihood of obtaining the goal (Lewicki, Saunders & Barry, 2011). Once in the heat of negotiation, it can be too late to try to catch-up on planning which failed to occur before the negotiation process began.
BP p.l.c. is an energy company with an upstream business of extracting crude oil and downstream business of providing processed energy to companies. It is listed in both the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) based in the United States of America and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). BP is based in London and they carry out oil prospecting extraction and retail its product in more than 70 countries. Out of the companies operating in the oil industry, the biggest two competitor of BP is ExxonMobil and Chevron. ExxonMobil and Chevron are chosen due to their similarities to BP and they are ranked
Net Profit Margin- The net profit margin of 18.34 percent for 2008 indicates that 18.34 cents of net income was generated for each dollar of sales. The significant increase of 7.83 percent, from 2007’s 10.51 percent, yielded an additional $1.84 billion in profit on the company’s $23.52 billion in revenue.