Famingham Cohort Summary

Based in Australia, it identifies several of the challenges that affect the health of women based on public health. The policy targets chronic diseases like heart diseases. It targets women because of the influence that they have in the society. It deals with the prevention of chronic illness, healthy aging, reproductive and sexual welfare, mental health and well-being. The policy points out overall general points concerning heart disease. It recognizes it as the leading killer and an enormous burden on women. Age is a risk factor that the heart and stroke association highlights. 82 percent of deaths from cardiovascular diseases occur among people aged 65 and above. Although, more men, than women, stand higher risks of heart disease, the risk increases in women once they hit menopause. Other risky activities that these policies indicate are the lack of physical exercise, the use of tobacco and a poor diet. Morris Jerry was the first to conduct a study of cardiovascular disease, in 1949, and used occupational health data. It gave a basis for research on more information about cardiovascular

In 2002, among adults, there was an estimated 8.7% prevalence of diabetes. However, rather than there being a prevalence of the disease in the population as a whole, it was found more in specific population subgroups, such as the homeless population. There are certain risk factors these subgroups have that are either associated with diabetes or directly cause it. There is never a 100% correlation of development of diabetes

National vital statistics data are collected from birth, death and marriage certificates. Mandatory data collection requirements in the United States provide the most consistent and generally highest quality data available for determining the health status of our population (Williams, 2008). There was an expansion in diabetes related mortality over the previous decade, the expanded mortality shows up for the most part ascribed to the pervasiveness of cardiovascular sicknesses. In this manner, arrangement policy makers should pay more considerations to diabetes essential counteractive action to lessen the rate while additionally setting a need on the burden of cardiovascular sicknesses to decrease the weight of

The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001).The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)

Although the term cardiovascular disease refers to a disorder of the cardiovascular system, it is usually associated with atherosclerosis, also known as arterial disease. It is considered the leading cause of deaths in the world, taking 17.1 million lives a year. There are only a few factors that are non-modifiable, these being the persons age, gender, family history and their race and ethnicity. Although there are non-modifiable risk factors, there are multiple multiple risk factors that are modifiable that anyone can use to prevent getting any type of cardiovascular disease. These people just need to have the motivation to be able to change themselves and their lifestyles in order to better

However, because Danny does have diabetes, his health is in a poorer state and his risk for developing cardiovascular disease is increased. Diabetes is defined as having a fasting plasma glucose value of 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) or higher. Every year, diabetes claims many lives; for example, in 2008, diabetes was responsible for 1.3 million deaths all across the world (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d). When looking at cardiovascular disease with diabetes, data shows that of all diabetics who die, 60% of them die as a result of cardiovascular disease (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d). Cardiovascular risk increases with raised glucose values. The risk of cardiovascular events is from two to three times higher in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and the risk is disproportionately higher in women (World Heart Federation, N.p., n.d). From this we can infer that if my mother or I did have diabetes, it would be likely that that would increase our risk to a greater degree compared to Danny’s risk, because he is a male. Cardiovascular risk increases with raised glucose values. In addition, within certain age groups, people with diabetes have a two-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Patients with diabetes also have a poorer prognosis after cardiovascular events compared to people without diabetes. Primary care access to measurement of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk assessment as well as

Diabetes is a treatable and manageable disease however having diabetes increases one’s risk of developing heart disease. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by a factor of two to three at every level of systolic blood pressure (New England Journal of Medicine, 2010). Diabetes may be controllable with life style changes to keep insulin levels under control which can lower the chances of cardiovascular disease.

The Framingham Heart Study is well-known as one of the biggest studies researching the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is a longitudinal cohort study which involves observations of the same 5,000 individuals over a period of time (Sullivan, L. M. 2012). The participants, 5,000 individuals from the town of Framingham that are free of cardiovascular disease, are assessed every two years. This particular study has revealed important risk factors for cardiovascular disease including smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, physical inactivity, and diabetes (FHS, 2016).

Among U.S. adults aged 20 years or older with diagnosed diabetes, the estimated crude prevalence of

Another article related to the gene theory titled Genetic and Environmental Factors Associated with type two Diabetes and Diabetic Vascular Complications conducted in 2012 by Murea, MA, and Freedman. This study focused on exploring secondary data to find what researchers have found about the relationship between genes and diabetes, and environmental factors and diabetes. This study focused more on type two diabetes and how it relates to vascular complications. It concentrates on how finding the relationship between genes and diabetic can help finding treatment option for the disease prevention or delay in the disease progression (Murea & Freedman, 2012). The authors also review and article that reviewed the literature supporting genetic determinants in the

Epidemiologic evidence that is related to the prevention of diabetes in for adults can be found in many places in the literature. Some issues that come up are how according to Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) the increase in diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in developing countries has escalated rapidly due to an increase in populations, overall aging of the population, urbanization, and increase prevalence of obesity. Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) also projects that the number of individual that are diagnosed with diabetes in 2040 will have increased to 642 million adults globally compared to the 415 million adults globally who are currently diagnosed with diabetes and in the US, there was 86 million adults who are

Diabetes type 2 is linked to a number of health complications including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, depression, blindness and amputation. Up to 90% of patients suffering from diabetes type 2 is either overweight or obese, and this contributes to mentioned complications, that are thought to lower life expectancy in those patients. National Diabetes Audit XXX shows that there is a significantly higher change of suffering from a variety of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infraction – 55% additional risk, stroke – 34% higher risk when compared to general population, angina and heart failure, 76 and 74% increased risk, respectively. Furthermore, people suffering from diabetes have 337% additional risk of minor amputation and 222% of major amputation when compared to general population. Risk of renal replacement therapy in diabetic patients is 164% higher than non-diabetic people. Despite the numbers, heart disease is still the most prevalent complication od type 2 diabetes in England and Wales. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases further for South-Asian diabetics and for people living in the most deprived and poorest areas, up to 50% more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease when compared to least deprived diabetics. Patients suffering from diabetes type 2 and being obese are estimated to have a hospital admission due to heart failure twice as often as general population.

Diabetes is a disease that is high blood sugar. When you don't take your insulin you could very well go into a diabetic coma. This disease is not something like the flu that goes away in a few days, it is very long lasting. In order to not have a cardiovascular disease too, you have to keep an eye on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Smoking can also cause a cardiovascular disease. There are also two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to juvenile diabetes, and other things. Of all the people with diabetes about 90% have type 2. Type 2 means your body doesn't produce enough insulin for proper function. People that suffer from obesity are most likely to suffer from type two. Having only one can of soda a day raises your

Studies continue to show a troubling health trend: the instances of diabetes, particularly type 2, are on the rise in this country. Characterized by insulin resistance (insulin is not effective in the body) and elevated blood glucose levels, type 2 diabetes can result in both neural and metabolic dysfunction and lead to cardiovascular disease.

Furthermore, despite the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) did not show a significant trend in the reduction of myocardial infarction (MI) rates, the 10-year follow up of this trial