All of the following compounds are required at some stage of cellular respiration in plants, except
A. NAD.
B. sugar.
C. adenosine diphosphate.
D. oxygen.
E. carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration occurs in both plant and animal cells. Both types of cells are very similar, containing similar organelles such as the mitochondria. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen can be used to produce ATP and carbon dioxide. In plant cells energy is created through the process of photosynthesis, the conversion of energy from the sun into chemical energy. Autotrophs are able to utilize photosynthesis to sustain themselves without consuming food to obtain energy. The site of photosynthesis takes place in the cell’s chloroplast (Citovsky, Lecture 20). A large, concentrated portion of chloroplast can be found within the plant’s mesophyll, the interior of a leaf. Photosynthesis is broken down into two stages: light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Through light reactions, solar energy can be converted into chemical energy (Campbell, pg. 189). In the Calvin cycle, usable energy in the form of sugars are synthesized from carbon dioxide.
Choice A – NAD is incorrect. NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme which functions as an intermediate for energy transport during cellular respiration (Citovsky, Lecture 18). In the first phase of photosynthesis, light reactions, solar energy is converted into NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy transportation in organisms. However, the reactants and the products are exact opposites in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration.
The last step of cellular respiration is the Electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from Hydrogen are carried by NADH and passed down an electron transport chain to result in the production of ATP. Results are the production of ~32 ATPs for every glucose. Oxygen, which is the final electron receptor, finishes the process by creating a water molecule and combining the remaining hydrogen molecules. Oxygen is the final electron receptor. Without it, the process cannot be complete (Cellular Respiration, 2004). The waste products of cellular respiration are CO2 and H2O that are the same incrediants used in photosynthesis. Plants store chemical energy by photosynthese and then harvest this energy via cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is bioenergetic process, meaning that it is governed by enzyme activity. Referring to what was previously learned about enzymes, it is known that enzyme-substrate reactions can
Introduction: Cellular respiration and fermentation are used in cells to generate ATP. All cells in a living organism require energy or ATP to perform cellular tasks (Urry, Lisa A., et al. , pg. 162). Since energy can not be created (The first law of thermodynamics) just transformed, the cell must get its energy from an outside source (Urry, Lisa A., et al. , pg.162). “Totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is called metabolism” (Urry, Lisa A., et al., pg. 142). Cells get this energy through metabolic pathways, or metabolism. As it says in Campbell biology, “Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules are called catabolic pathways” (Urry, Lisa A., et al. pg.
The Purpose of this experiment was to determine the importance of cellular respiration in the processes of Life. The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate of cellular respiration and how the presence of carbohydrates and pollutants will affect it. Our hypothesis was that an organism has larger rate of Cellular Respiration with the source of Carbohydrates as compared to the one that is without the Carbohydrates source and vice versa in
4. Describe and demonstrate cellular respiration and energy production in plants including aerobic and anaerobic pathways.
Cellular respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis is a
Cellular respiration is a very important process that occurs in all living organisms. In this process, chemical energy is obtained by the organisms’ food source to be turned into ATP or adenosine triphosphate, a form of energy that is easily utilized by the organisms’ bodies to carry out certain bodily functions (Largen, 2008, p.41). The chemical formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O→6CO2+12H2O+energy. This simply means that, with the use of glucose, six molecules of oxygen, and six molecules of water, an output of six carbon dioxide molecules, twelve molecules of water, and energy (ATP) is produced (Khan, 2010). Glucose is especially important in this process, given that it acts as a fuel in cellular respiration. (Cellular Respiration: Introduction, n.d.). In the biosphere, there is also a vast
Also, unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration is known as a decomposition reaction. During this reaction, the exergonic release of energy is produced by breaking glucose down into smaller ATP molecules, water and carbon dioxide which is released into the air, for use by plants, every time we exhale
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are dependent on each other because the products of one process is used by the other as reactants. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, so cellular respiration uses them as reactants to make carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. They both take in and create the same substances (C6H1206, 602 , 6CO2, 6H2O, ADP, PI,
Cells are the basic units of life and their processes are vital to the functioning of all organism. The reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complimentary and are also the most important pathways on the Earth. Photosynthesis is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds in presence of sunlight. Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that take in cells of living organisms that convert nutrients like sugar into energy , which is known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and waste products. The two processes are closely related and likewise, they share many similarities and differences
If you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive H and radioactive O, in which of the products of photosynthesis will the radioactive H and O show up?
Cellular respiration is a procedure that most living life forms experience to make and get chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy is synthesized in three separate phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, citrus extract cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are both anaerobic pathways because they do not bother with oxygen to form energy. The electron transport chain however, is aerobic due to its use of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the procedure in which ATP particles are created with the help of oxygen atoms (Campbell, 2009, p. 93). During which, organic food molecules are oxidized to synthesize ATP used to drive the metabolic reactions necessary to maintain the organism’s physical integrity and to support all its activities (Campbell, 2009, pp. 102-103).
Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been
To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.