Chapter 1: An Introduction to Project, Program, and Portfolio Management
TRUE/FALSE
1. In the past, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military and construction industries.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 2
2. Most organizations claim that project management delivers higher profit margins at the expense of worker morale.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 3-4
3. The term “operations” refers to work done in an organization to sustain a business.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 4
4. A project has a definite beginning and a definite end.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 4
5. The targets for scope, time, and cost are defined in the middle of a project.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6
6. Projects
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a.|sponsors|c.|contractors|
b.|managers|d.|engineers|
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 8
8. The four core knowledge areas of project management include project scope, time, cost, and ____ management.
a.|affordable|c.|quality|
b.|centralized|d.|bottom-up|
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 9
9. Project ____ management involves working with all appropriate stakeholders to define, gain written agreement for, and manage all the work required to complete the project successfully.
a.|time|c.|risk|
b.|communications|d.|scope|
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 9
10. Project ____ management, the ninth knowledge area, is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.
a.|human resource|c.|integration|
b.|procurement|d.|quality|
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 10
11. Some popular ____-management tools and techniques include Gantt charts, project network diagrams, and critical-path analysis.
a.|quality|c.|cost|
b.|time|d.|scope|
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 10
12. Project ____ may be defined as a test of whether a project has met scope, time, and cost goals.
a.|depth|c.|success|
b.|clarity|d.|vision|
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 12
13. Project ____ work with the project sponsors, the project team, and the other people involved in a project to meet project goals.
a.|organizers|c.|handlers|
b.|designers|d.|managers|
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 13
14. About ____ of the world’s gross domestic
Project management software tools can be divided into ____ general categories based on functionality and price.
Gray, C. F. & Larson, E. W. (2008). _Project Management: The Managerial Process_. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hills Companies, Inc.
The process of Project Management is very detailed – there are multiple phases to properly manage the project (e.g., project plan, schedule, communication plan, risk management plan, and
(Project definition: Planned set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations)
The required work to be performed and goals that define and bind the project by doing the following:
The purpose of defining this project is to make the deliverables of the project clear to the client and to place more focus on project plans.
At first should the terminology be defined. A project is "a unique set of coordinated activities, with a definite start and finishing point, undertaken by an individual or organisation to meet specific objectives within
Project Management answers the “who”, “what”, “when”, and “how” questions that relate to project requirements. Project management
Project management is the planning, organizing and implementing of an event, where specific start and end dates are to be followed, determining the goals needed to be achieved, identifying resources required, budget, location, and other various factors (Rouse, 2016).
Project Management Knowledge areas are techniques that describe the most appropriate and commonly used approaches to projects most of the time.
There are various project management methodologies which can be used and that combines an approach with a set of project tools and guidelines. Some of them are made by software companies and consulting firms while others still use the public domain. The methodologies differ in rule and complexity. But almost all of them are built using the same principle. The
Project management is a series of steps taken in sequence to manage a project through all phases from conception to completion. The steps are documented in a strategic plan. The plan is used to ensure that all parties are working towards a common goal. Project management requires applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to specific activities in accordance with established standards and guidelines. There are five basic functions of project management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Basic activities of project management include: identifying project requirements to define the outcomes; addressing various needs, concerns and expectations of others; setting up, maintaining and carrying out communications; managing others; creating project deliverables; and balancing competing project constraints.
The organization needs this process in order to identify the problems, their root cause for the failures like to identify “What has gone wrong?”, fix the problem and preventing it from happening again and document the known errors for future reference.
There are mainly two groups of management processes on a development project; enabling and facilitating processes. These are designed to help manage the different elements of a project, different projects may have different needs from each process; for example, a project that has identified that quality is a critical success factor will spend more time and effort in developing a quality management plan. Therefore, these management processes occur during the entire project life cycle and each one of them requires a cyclical approach that consists of planning, doing, checking and learning to ensure process quality.