1. Introduction
Cloud technology is attracting increasing attention from industry and scientific areas. It has been treated as one of the most important technologies and shown promising future. Cloud is the technology to provide a quick, secure, convenient net computing and data storage service and implemented over the Internet, which is capable of sharing a pool of configurable computing resources with on-demand network access. Cloud technology provides various specific services such as software application, data storage, hardware, and infrastructure. People access Cloud via the internet through web browsers to finish on-demand services, while this was implemented on traditional deploying on-premises servers in old days. Although
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To achieve the objective above, we need to study how Cloud work internally and externally, what the vulnerabilities and threats are in Cloud, and how to prevent an attack by exploiting the vulnerabilities. Additionally, discussion of specific countermeasures for the vulnerabilities and threats is necessary. Fragmentation-redundancy-scattering (FRS), Digital signatures, Homomorphic encryption, and Encryption will be introduced in order to prevent attacks regarding threats and vulnerabilities of Cloud technology.
2. Layers
Technically, Cloud is as a term of a platform, it provides, configures and reconfigures servers while the servers could be virtual machines and physical machines. Additionally, Cloud is also as a term of applications that are described as to be accessible over the internet based on the support from powerful servers and large data centers. Therefore, Cloud is quite different from traditional computing paradigms because of its scalable. Cloud is an abstract entity to supply different levels of services. Shown by figure 1, Cloud is typically providing three types of services: Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
Figure 1: A layered model of Cloud Computing (Source: Qi Zhang et al., Cloud computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges, J Internet Serv Appl (2010) pp. 7–18)
2.1 Software as a Service
Cloud computing is innovative which uses well advanced computational power resource and gigantic improvement in storage capabilities, Cloud is the long dreamed vision of computing utilities, which helps in enable ling the sharing of
Cloud computing is quickly evolving and expanding, thus it’s hard to precisely define this technology (Pallis 2010). However, the main features of cloud computing can be identified according to national institute of standards and technology (NIST)’s definition:
Cloud computing has been defined by NIST as a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or cloud provider interaction. Cloud computing can be considered a new computing paradigm insofar as it allows the utilization of a computing infrastructure at one or more levels of abstraction, as an on-demand service made available over the Internet or other computer network.
The Important of Cloud Computing is increasing and it is receiving a growing attention in Scientific & Industrial Communities. Cloud computing is one of the top 10 most important technologies and has a greater possibility in successive years by companies and organizations. Cloud computing implement everywhere, favourable, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications and servers) that can be immediately supply and released with minimal management effort.
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared information, resources, and software, are provided to terminals and portable devices on-demand. It is a rapidly developing and excellent promising technology. Cloud computing is the product of the combination of grid computing, distributed computing, parallel computing, and ubiquitous computing. Cloud Computing model has enabled IT organizations to serve the users globally. It gives the services like Platform as a Service, Software as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service without users being much aware of the details in which the services are provided.
The largest Buzzword in emerging trends for the computer world is “Cloud”. Cloud computing in the future for data, services and platform. The concept of cloud computing is to make whatever aspect it is being used in available at all times and to act as a resource. Turning computing into a utility will transform how the IT industry uses services, designs hardware and uses network infrastructures. The term “Cloud” however has many meanings, but understanding what exactly is meant by cloud computing is the first step to
With a significant development of the era of internet information, numerous data from vary field like science, engineer and business need to be handled quickly and accurately, which means the demand of computing power is far more than the ability of current technology. In order to enhance the computing system and save cost, ‘Cloud computing’ was emerged. People use cloud computing commonly in storage, which allow consumers use internet to share or store resources and information. The concept of this technology was proposed initially by John McCarthy in 1960s, while he predicted, computing will become a part of infrastructure instruction like gas, water and electricity everyone can get and use it easily and cheaply. The
Cloud computing environment fundamentally facilitate two basic functions: computing and data storage. Data security remains an issue in the use of ICT, but in the cloud computing environment, it becomes even more worrying issue for its users, because cloud services are delivered over the internet and are provided by large scale data centres. The cloud data centres can be located anywhere in the world, and consumers’ usually have little or no control over how it is stored and managed. Cloud technology is increasingly adopted by companies as it has enormous benefits as well as draw backs. This study analyses security issues within cloud computing environment particularly focuses on privacy and issues regarding data security, how could cloud data in cloud be made more secure and explores various data security solutions and techniques.
This paper gives an overview at the structure and working of the idea of cloud computing. This paper consists of the basic idea of cloud computing, its various characteristics along with its components, architecture and also the different types of cloud computing. In this paper the various terms and various concepts related to cloud computing are explained. This paper concludes with the current research and projects that are being performed in cloud computing.
Under the Introduction section, the authors have emphasized about the importance of Cloud Computing by describing Computing as the fifth most commonly used utility. Cloud Computing is a new computing paradigm in which computing resources are provided as a
In common usage, the term “the cloud” is essentially a metaphor for the Internet. Marketers have further popularized the phrase “in the cloud” to refer to software, platforms and infrastructure that are sold “as a service”, i.e. remotely through the Internet. The major models of cloud computing service are known as software as a service, platform as a service, and infrastructure as a service. These cloud services may be offered in a public, private or hybrid network
A cloud is a unique information technology (IT) environment which has been designed for the purpose of provisioning, scalable and measured information technology resources remotely. Cloud Computing Service provides IT as a service over the internet on demand basis and the payment is based on usage. Cloud computing services are provided from development platforms and full applications to servers and storage. Cloud computing is a pervasive advancement which gives a beneficiary way to the clients to benefit the cloud applications on interest. It refers to the network service in which services are provided with assured QoS, affordable computing infrastructures with an easy and simple access on demand and is enabled
In the last few decades, the increased capability and accessibility of Internet had resulted in many benefits to the world of computing. One of the most prominent contribution t to power cloud computing. Cloud computing, a relatively new technology, has experienced tremendous growth since its inception, with organizations and individual finding it beneficial, due to its convenience and ability to deliver computing resources at cost effective terms. The cloud offers on-demand cloud computing resources, eliminating the need for organizations to purchase, install, store and maintain costly computing infrastructure. It also offers reliability and flexibility in terms of computing. With the cloud model, users can have services in three paradigms. First, cloud as an infrastructure offers the users on-demand computing infrastructure, including
The technology used in Cloud Computing is often centralized on demand and can be offered in terms of services. Just like most internet service providers, the cloud services provide platforms for their clients to create web services (applications) on the internet. These applications are accessed through the web opposed to running off your local hard drive. Cloud computing enables its users to conveniently use various resources like storage, servers, and applications that can be launched with minimal effort. In common terms, cloud computing proposes three types of services: 1) SaaS: Software as a service, 2) PaaS: Platform as a service, and 3) IaaS: Infrastructure as a service. Cloud
1. Introduction The definition of Cloud Computing as issued by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) September, 2011 is: “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.” Cloud computing is a type of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. It provides an easy and flexible way of storing, retrieving huge data without bothering about the resources. With