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- 17. Explain the concepts of specificity, competition, and saturation as they relate to membrane receptors. Explain how membrane receptors show specificity, competition, saturation. Some key concepts which relate to this question are first messengers, binding sites, and ligands.5.. A sample of cells has a total receptor concentration of 25 mM. Ninety percent of the receptors have bound ligand and the concentration of free ligand is 125 µM. Calculate the K for the receptor ligand interaction. (a) What is the AG° for binding for this interaction at 25°C?1. Use a simple diagram to explain how presynaptic inhibition works.
- 2. Describe the three domains of a receptor tyrosine kinase. Explain the structure of the transmembrane domain and the amino acid composition and arrangement of this part of the receptor(b) What is the binding site' of a receptor? How does the binding site change shape during activation? ہے۔1. Type of receptor in cancer disease 2. Signal mechanism in cancer (what us the ligand in cancer disease?)
- 2. Not all receptors that carry out RME are located in coated pits prior to binding ligand, yet they too become concentrated in coated pits prior to internalization. How do you suppose the binding of a ligand to a receptor would cause it to become concentrated into a coated pit?Speculate on what the receptor sites for each of these molecules might be in terms of shape and polarity. Suggest an amino acid that could be part of the structure of that receptor site. What is an amino acid that would not line up with the surface properties of each of these compounds (1 for each). (Hint: you can look up the amino acids and their properties. Remember what we’ve talked about in terms of said surface properties and binding).7. Describe a ligand-gated channel signal pathway. What effects can opening or closing an ion channel have on cells? What type of cell is generally associated with this pathway?
- 3. How does dimerization of a receptor tyrosine kinase promotes autophosphorylation of the intracellular domain of the receptor? How does the formation of a dimer helps the phosphorylation reaction?4. Describe where is the phosphate group added on a protein when it gets phosphorylated (what amino acid? what atom?). Then list all the ways that protein function may change after it gets phosphorylated PLEASE ANSWER BOTH2 of 16 Compound Binds to Elicits biological receptor response A Yes Yes B Yes No C No No Refer to the table above. Compound X is the natural ligand that binds to a receptor and stimulates a signal transduction pathway associated with the receptor. Based on the information given in the table, what are the roles of compounds A, B, and C? O A is an antagonist, B is an agonist, and C is a ligand. A is an agonist, B is an antagonist, and C has no role. A is a ligand, B has no role, and C is an antagonist. A is an agonist, B is an antagonist, and C is an agonist. A has no role, B is an agonist, and C is an antagonist.6. Nucleotides are more acidic than nucleosides and nitrogenous bases.7. Similar to aromatic amino acids, the sugar-phosphate backbone also absorbs a wavelength of 260 to 280 nm.8. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate relays the primary signal to the target mechanism inside the cell.9. Adenine has higher UV absorbing capacity compared to thymine.10. Adenine and guanine are more soluble in aqueous solutions compared to adenosine and guanosine.