Which, if any, of the following observations are consistent with the effect of purifying selection, and which, if any, are consistent with the effect of positive selection? a) Human populations that are accustomed to high-starch diets have comparatively higher copy numbers of the α-amylase gene. b) Telomere DNA sequences in vertebrates have tandem TTAGGG repeats c) Humans show very high levels of heterozygosity at the classical HLA loci. d) Human populations that live in more northerly latitudes have a high frequency of pale skin color. e) Human calmodulin and an ortholog in Drosophila each have 149 amino acid differences and differ at just four amino acid positions.

Q: Do the data in the graph indicate that the mutation rates per base-pair in some taxa, such as…

A: The mutation occurs when there is a change in the nucleic acid sequence. These mutations could be…

Q: Which of the following conditions are required for natural selection?

A: Answer. Natural selection is a process in which the organism which is better adapted to the…

Q: what is the meaning of fitness ?what two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by…

A: The process through which populations of living creatures adapt and evolve is known as natural…

Q: DNA-DNA hybridization studies in the 1960s demonstrated that common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),…

A: Note: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…

Q: Microbiologists have discovered that alleles associated with antibiotic resistance are present in…

A: Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with study of organisms that are too small to be…

Q: n class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher…

A: Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutation in two copies of the CFTR gene.

Q: Which factors were determined to directly cause the loss of skin pigmentation in humans as a result…

A: Natural selection is defiend as the selection of individuals having a particular trait as compared…

Q: What is the most straightforward evidence at the molecular level in support of the idea that modern…

A: The genetic ancestry and relationships are contemporary humans were obtained from data basing on DNA…

Q: If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all…

A: The globins represent the superfamily that includes globular proteins that contain a heme prosthetic…

Q: Tay-Sachs disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in a gene on chromosome 15 that encodes a…

A: Given: Tach-Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition - (aa) Among Ashkenazi Jews of…

Q: Are the differences in cytochrome c amino acid sequences due to the action of natural selection, or…

A: The phenomenon of evolution is defined as the gradual change in characteristics of a species over…

Q: Refer to the figure above. In their investigation of natural selection on Mc1r alleles (the gene…

A: The majority of mutations develop when the DNA fails to duplicate correctly. All of these mutations…

Q: Natural selection predicts that two species that came from a common ancestor should have high degree…

A: Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.…

Q: 900 bacteria had two recessive alleles out of a total of every 10,000 bacteria. Using the…

A: To determine The frequency of the recessive and dominant alleles using the Hardy-Weinberg…

Q: Why does stabilizing selection decrease geneticdiversity?

A: Natural selection may use genetic variation to increase or decrease the number of alleles already…

Q: Why does sickle-cell anaemia persist in the human population when it is believed that the harmful…

A: The genes are the hereditary unit of an organism which are passed on from the parental generation to…

Q: Why is a silent mutation ignored by natural selection?

A: Mutation  The changes in the sequence of gene or DNA either by addition or deletion of base pairs…

Q: The original source of new alleles, upon which selection operates,is mutation, a random event that…

A: Mutation are sudden inheritable change in the genetic makeup that effect the organism functioning or…

Q: Gene families arise in the human genome are thought to have risen from   A. duplication followed…

A: Gene families are a cluster of genes that arose from the common ancestral globin gene. There are…

Q: Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has…

A: The inheritable disease that caused vision loss more in males and less in females is Leber…

Q: Jean Manning, Charles Kerfoot, and Edward Berger studied genotypic frequencies at the phosphoglucose…

A:

Q: Why do recessive lethals persist in a population? Provide an example of a recessive lethal allele.

A: Dominance is the ability of an allele to express itself phenotypically both in homozygous and…

Q: It has been claimed that “evolution repeats itself.” Whatis the evidence for this claim froma. the…

A: Evolution is the process of change in a population of organisms over time. This can be caused by…

Q: How did human farming influence the evolution of the sickle cell allele in human populations?

A: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease which is caused due the inheritance of the disease from the…

Q: In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how…

A: In a population, mutation plays a key role in the introduction of genetic variations into the…

Q: Why did Galton modify the quincunx? a. Because the distribution of a trait (e.g., height) in…

A: Introduction :- Physical characteristics are what traits are. Fin length, body shape, colour…

Q: Jean Manning, Charles Kerfoot, and Edward Berger studied genotypic frequencies at the phosphoglucose…

A: Allele frequency is the relative frequency of the allele at a specific point  in a population. This…

Q: How can we detect recent strong selection in the human genome? Explain using the recent positive…

A:

Q: Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LDblock to be associated with people’s preference…

A: Genes are the structural and functional units of heredity that carry coded genetic information in…

Q: You were tasked to conduct a population genetic survey of a diploid insect population. You obtained…

A: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate the DNA fragments on the basis of their size.

Q: In humans, Rh+ individuals have the Rh antigen on their red blood cells, while Rh− individuals do…

A: Rhesus (Rh) factor is a protein located on the surface of red blood cells that is inherited. You're…

Q: How did Spiegelman et al.' s experiments in 1967 & 1970 on the origins of natural selection provide…

A: The RNA World hypothesis would be confirmed if experimental evidence indicated that a completely…

Q: Which of the following types of macromolecules produced by one organism can “transform” another…

A: Organisms  Organisms are the living individual like animals plants or single celled living form.

Q: You were tasked to conduct a population genetic survey of a diploid insect population. You obtained…

A: The group of individuals living in an area is known as population.

Q: In class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher…

A: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting various organ systems and the…

Q: For each of the following examples, discuss whether the observed result is due to neutral mutations…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: 1. Early hunter-gatherers were interbreeding with colonists who brought agriculture from the Middle…

A: Inheritance is the process of transmitting the traits from parent to offspring. Traits of an…

Q: 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. Genes are the basic units for passing traits from parent to…

A: except 4 all other options are understandable and correct. the details for other 4 options are in…

Q: , which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC,…

A: The correct option is - c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related

Q: Which of the following has been favored by natural selection for populations living near the equator…

A:

Q: In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how…

A: Mechanisms of evolution correspond to violations of different Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. They are:…

Q: Please answer and explain in detail. -How can environmental factors influence selection pressure on…

A: Genes are made of DNA and are the basic unit of heredity. More than one version of the same gene…

Q: In 1979, bones found outside Ekaterinburg, Russia, were shown to be those of Tsar Nicholas and his…

A: Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles found…

Q: If myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all…

A: Hemoglobin is the red blood pigment, exclusively found in the erythrocytes. This helps in the…

Q: Why is mutation important to evolution if it is the microevolutionary force that generally has the…

A: Microevolution is the evolution that acts on a small population or in a single species and it is…

Q: What is the key difference between the neutral-mutation hypothesis andbalancing selection?

A: There are many studies that have demonstrated that many populations possess huge amounts of…

Q: Siberian tigers are the largest of all tiger species because only the largest individual are able to…

A: Siberian tigers are among the largest on earth.   They have to survive under extreme cold conditions…

Q: (a) Assuming that Migaloo’s albinism is caused by a rare recessive gene, what would be the…

A: Albinism is caused by recessive gene allele inheritance and is known to afflict all vertebrates,…

Q: Which of the following comparisons of relative fitness for the M locus would most likely result in…

A: Option B is the correct answer. i.e. w(MM) < w(Mm) > w(mm)

Q: Recently, scientists have identified a mutation that is found at high frequency in Finnish…

A: The physical and functional unit of heredity is a gene. They transmit knowledge from one generation…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.