PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781260110920
Author: Frank
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 8P
(a)
To determine
Determine the price level of 2016 and 2017 and the rate of inflation between the two years.
(b)
To determine
Identify the rate of inflation between 2016 and 2017, if the money supply is $1,100.
(c)
To determine
Identify the rate of inflation between 2016 and 2017, if the money supply is $1,100 and output is 12,600 in 2017.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Suppose that the real money demand function is L(Y,r+πe)=0.3Y÷ (r+πe) Where Y is real output, r is the real interest rate, and πe is the expected rate of inflation. Real output is constant over time at Y = 1500. The real interest rate is fixed in the goods market at r = 0.5 per year. Suppose that the nominal money supply is growing at the rate of 10% per year and that this growth rate is expected to persist for ever. Currently, the nominal money supply is M = 400. What are the values of the real money supply and the current price level? (Hint: What is the value of the expected inflation rate that enters the money demand function?). Suppose that the nominal money supply is M = 400. The Bank of Namibia announces that from now on the nominal money supply will grow at the rate of 5% per year. If everyone believes this announcement, and if all markets are in equilibrium, what are the values of real money supply and the current price level? Explain the effects on the…
Suppose the current inflation rate is a constant 7% and the central bank implements a disinflation policy to reduce it to its target rate of 3%. To achieve this objective the central bank, by increasing its cash rate, raise the nominal interest rate from its current 9% to 14%. In the long run, at which the central bank achieves its inflation target, what will be the nominal rate of interest, the real rate of interest and the inflation rate?
In the FT article “Japan’s core inflation hits 41-year high with central bank under policy pressure” (20 January 2023), we can read:
“Japan's core inflation rate rose to a new 41-year high of 4 per cent in December [...]. Official statistics released on Friday showed core inflation, which excludes volatile food prices but includes oil, reached its fastest pace since December 1981, exceeding the Bank of Japan’s 2 per cent inflation target for the ninth consecutive month. The release came two days after Japan’s central bank defied market pressure and maintained its ultra-loose monetary policy, arguing that wage growth was not strong enough to sustainably achieve its inflation target. Uniqlo owner Fast Retailing and other large companies have in recent weeks announced plans to dramatically raise wages, fuelling hopes that rising prices could finally drive salaries higher in a country that has wrestled with three decades of price stagnation.”
(a) Using a 3-equation model, represent…
Chapter 10 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- According to the Fischer equation, if the nominal interest rate is 8% and inflation is running at 4% then the real interest rate is? 12% 8% 4% 2%arrow_forwardAntonio receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 4.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high-inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 4.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Antonio's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate (Percent) After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) Real Interest Rate Nominal Interest Rate After-Tax Real Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) 2.0 4.5 4.5 9.5 Compared with lower inflation rates, a higher inflation rate will quantity of investment in the economy and the after-tax real interest rate when the government taxes nominal interest income. This…arrow_forwardHomework Question 22: Hyperdeflation Can Be a Bit Cryptic to Understand Bitcoin is an electronic currency, which means that instead of having physical notes and coins, the currency only exists online. Bitcoins are unique in that there is no entity or individual that can increase the supply of Bitcoins. Instead Bitcoins are created by a computer algorithm that currently adds a fixed number of Bitcoins into circulation every hour, the algorithm is designed to gradually reduce the number of Bitcoins being produced, eventually reaching a growth rate of zero in 2040. You have been given the task of thinking about the potential for Bitcoin to become widely Only a small group of online vendors initially accepted Bitcoin but more and more are accepting it over time in other words the volume of goods and services that can be purchased with Bitcoin has been rising rapidly. a) Reformulate the Quantity Theory of Money to apply to Bitcoin, i.e define what M, P, V and Y are in the context of…arrow_forward
- Consider a simple economy that produces only pens. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2014, the money supply was 100, the price of a pen was $4.00, and the economy produced 500 pens. Fill in the missing values in the following table, rounding to the nearest cent when necessary. Money Supply Price Level Year (Dollars) Velocity of Money 2014 100 (Dollars) 4.00 Quantity of Output (Pens) Nominal GDP (Dollars) 500 2015 101 20 500 The money supply grew at a rate of money 2014 to 2015 was % % from 2014 to 2015. Since pen output did not change from 2014 to 2015 and the velocity of in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from ' the change in the money supply was reflectedarrow_forwardRaphael receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 2.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high-inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 2.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Raphael's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Inflation Rate (Percent) Real Interest Rate (percent) Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) After-Tax Nominal Interest Rate (Percent) After-Tax Real Interest Rate (percent) 2.0 2.5 7.5 2.5arrow_forwardConsider a simple economy that produces only pies. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2018, the money supply was $360, the price of a pie was $9.00, and the economy produced 800 pies. NOTE: for YEAR 2019, Price Level (Dollars), the choices are (0.47 OR 9.00 OR 9.45 OR 0.50) nominal GDP options for YEAR 2018 are (85.00 OR 7,560.00 OR 7,200.00 OR 89.00) nominal GDP options for YEAR 2019 are (89.00 OR 85.00 OR 7,560.00 OR 7,200.00 ) NOTE: The money supply grew at a rate of _________ (2.44% OR 1.13% OR 5% OR 105%) from 2018 to 2019. Since pie output did not change from 2018 to 2019 and the velocity of money _______ (increased OR decreased OR remained the same), the change in the money supply was reflected ________ (partially OR entirely) in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from 2018 to 2019 was ________ (5% OR 2.44% OR 105% OR 1.13%)arrow_forward
- The quantity equation, also known as the equation of exchange, shows that the product of the money supply (M) and the velocity of money (V) is equal to the product of the price level (P) and real GDP (Q): Mx V = PxQ. Observe that when the left-hand side of the quantity equation, Mx V, changes by a given percentage, the right-hand side, P x Q, must change by the same percentage: Percentage Change in (Mx V) = = You can use the rule that the percentage change in the product of two variables is approximately equal to the sum of the percentage changes in each of the variables (as long as the percentage changes are fairly small) to further analyze changes in the variables of the quantity equation. In the following equation, let "%A" stand for "percentage change in": %AM+%AV = = Percentage Change in (PxQ) %AP+%AQ For example, if you know that the money supply grows at a rate of 8% per year, velocity grows at a rate of 1% per year, and real GDP grows at a rate of 5% per year, you can use this…arrow_forwardThe quantity equation, also known as the equation of exchange, shows that the product of the money supply (M) and the velocity of money (V) is equal to the product of the price level (P) and real GDP (Q): Mx V = P x Q. Observe that when the left-hand side of the quantity equation, Mx V, changes by a given percentage, the right-hand side, P x Q, must change by the same percentage: Percentage Change in (M x V) = Percentage Change in (PxQ) You can use the rule that the percentage change in the product of two variables is approximately equal to the sum of the percentage changes in each of the variables (as long as the percentage changes are fairly small) to further analyze changes in the variables of the quantity equation. In the following equation, let "%A" stand for "percentage change in": %AM+%AV = %AP+%AQ For example, if you know that the money supply grows at a rate of 8% per year, velocity grows at a rate of 1% per year, and real GDP grows at a rate. of 5% per year, you can use this…arrow_forwardSuppose the Central Bank sets 1 year real interest rates by following this Taylor rule: rt = r +0.5(π⁹² − л*) and where r = 4% and л* = 3% - where is the expected inflation rate Nominal interest rates are equal to the real interest rate plus the expected inflation rate it = rt + πe (a) Suppose in period 1 inflation is expected to be 1%. Calculate the 1 year nominal and real interest rates in period t. (b) Calculate the 1 year nominal and real interest rates when inflation is expected to be 5% for the period t+1. (c) (d) (e) Calculate the 1 year nominal and real interest rates when inflation is expected to be 5% for the period t+2. Calculate the nominal 2 year rate and 3 year rates at time t, for the yield curve. What will the yield curve look like and why?arrow_forward
- In the graph, MS represents the money supply and MD represents money demand. The vertical axis is the value of money measured as 1/P and the horizontal axis is the quantity of money. 0.61 0.4 Money Supply 5000 MD₂ MD,arrow_forwardThe monetary policy rate is the rate at which the Central Bank of Ghana lends to commercial banks. The results from table 4.4.1 shows that the monetary rate in Ghana declined from 2019 to 2021, before rising in 2022. The decline in the monetary rate from 2019 to 2021 can be attributed to an expansionary monetary policy, which was implemented to boost the economy of Ghana by reducing unemployment. The rise in the monetary rate in 2022 is a sign of a contractionary monetary policy, which is intended to reduce money supply and increase the cost of borrowing. This can help control inflation but may also lead to lower economic growth due to reduced aggregate demand (consumption). Consumption which is a component of GDP, the decrease in Aggregate demand will lead to decrease GDP and economic growth at large. Digitalization has become the norm in all parts of life, including finance. Mobile money has acquired substantial acceptance in Ghana as a simple mechanism for fund transfers, payments,…arrow_forwardFelix receives a portion of his income from his holdings of interest-bearing U.S. government bonds. The bonds offer a real interest rate of 2.5% per year. The nominal interest rate on the bonds adjusts automatically to account for the inflation rate. The government taxes nominal interest income at a rate of 10%. The following table shows two scenarios: a low-inflation scenario and a high-inflation scenario. Given the real interest rate of 2.5% per year, find the nominal interest rate on Felix's bonds, the after-tax nominal interest rate, and the after-tax real interest rate under each inflation scenario. Compared with lower inflation rates, a higher inflation rate will _______ (increase/decrease) the after-tax real interest rate when the government taxes nominal interest income. This tends to ________ (encourage/discourage) saving, thereby ________ (increasing/decreasing) the quantity of investment in the economy and ________ (increasing/decreasing) the economy's long-run…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you